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妈妈你是不是又要出发了?是的我的宝贝。这次你要去哪里?很远很远很远吗?羌塘草原,很远呢!妈妈,那是在哪里啊?咱们家的西北以北。会很苦很苦吗?会很艰苦的。那你不要去了好不好,我会心疼。不行呀,宝贝。这是个约定,不可以退缩的。妈妈,那你走不动的时候,就想着我爱你,想着我在家里等你回来,你就肯定有力气走得动了。。。。好的,我的宝贝,妈妈记住了 前言:这篇游记是我作为普通背包客同时又是一个孩子妈妈出行三十四天点滴的记录。不同以往的出行,这次孩子爱和鼓励一路支撑我走下来。不喜好者绕路即可。 我亲爱的孩子: 离开你的三十四天里,妈妈无时不刻惦记着千里之外的你。作为一个背包爱好者,注定一年中会有段时间不能陪在你身边,对此妈妈心里总怀着一份歉意和愧疚。你心里一定怪妈妈自私,说走就走,可是妈妈要对你说,人一生总要有自己的一份坚持,总要做一次自己想做的事情,走一次自己想走的路。相信等你长大,会理解这一切的。感谢你,小小男子汉,勇敢的面对妈妈不在家的日子,如你所说那样支持妈妈背包。为此,这篇游记献给你,我的天使。 首先妈妈要告诉你,我的孩子,要记住所无论什么事情,只有自己亲身经历才知道真正的事实,切不要以你自己的主观思想去妄下评论。无人区的穿越,不是有些人想象的那么拉风,刺激,玩酷,炫耀,也不是随意就可去,背着包就能走的,不过也不要想的遥不可及,不可逾越。故事很长,我慢慢的讲,你慢慢的听。。。。。。。 我的孩子,羌塘草原在藏北高原,在昆仑山脉、唐古拉山脉和冈底斯山脉之间。这里寒冷无比,真正的滴水成冰,地形地貌多变,有草原、高山草甸、戈壁、湖泊、山川,这十八天,妈妈亲眼见到大自然种种奇妙的融合。这些之前只有在电视或者书里面才有所了解。这里还有许多的野生动物,牦牛,藏羚羊,野驴,鹰,熊,还有一种妈妈不知道名字的鼠类动物。这是个与你生活的环境截然不同的世界。 2012年3月30日:我的孩子:出发了,在送你上学后,回家最后整理行囊直奔南京禄口机场。天一直下着雨,你说妈妈每次出门天气总是不好,你也总是会生病。妈妈真想告诉你,心里多么在乎你,爱着你。因为乌鲁木齐大风,虽然下午两点就到机场了但飞机延误至晚上九点钟才能起飞。还好有朋友把妈妈接到夫子庙喝茶,休息,否则干坐机场候机是件非常磨人的事情。回想一下,出发前,天气一直不好,跑步断断续续,体力没有很好的得到提升,对能不能全程徒步真是心里没底。妈妈会尽量努力的,很多事情,你不去努力怎么知道行不行呢?这是妈妈一直和你说的,妈妈自己也一定要做到。飞机在银川经停,到达银川之前,遭遇气流,飞机颠簸异常厉害,忽上忽下的起伏,我的一颗心却无比安宁。机窗外一玄弯月明亮无比,机窗下是灯火通亮。终于在凌晨两点半,平安降落乌鲁木齐,我的孩子,你肯定在熟睡中呢。 2012年3月31日: 我的孩子:一夜没睡安稳,七点多就醒来了,这是你上学的时间呢,可乌鲁木齐还没天亮。你会诧异了吧?新疆和咱们家存在两个小时时差,直到十点钟街上才慢慢有人出现。和红袖阿姨汇合后,红袖阿姨带着我溜达在乌鲁木齐的小巷里,吃烤肉,新疆凉皮,然后再到干果市场一通大肆采购。干果店里品种非常多,葡萄干,杏干,无花果干,还有大枣,巴旦木,东尝尝西尝尝,都不知道买些啥了。最后乱七八糟瞎买一通, 立刻快递回家,你会奇怪妈妈还没回家怎么包裹先到了。 因为飞库尔勒的航班是半夜的,所以应我强烈要求去逛了下大巴扎。“巴扎”,是维吾尔语,意思就是集市、农贸市场。走到这里,异域风情扑面而来,满街都是维吾尔族人。很多的工艺品琳琅满目。 大风的缘故,去库尔勒的航班很多都取消了,但妈妈和下午抵达乌鲁木齐的队友还是去机场想碰碰运气,还真是运气不错,和大部分队友会合后,在最后时间得到准时起飞的通知。这样凌晨一点钟到达库尔勒。在乌鲁木齐的大巴扎你能看见你熟悉的家乐福,喜欢的肯德基。 乌鲁木齐南北分界线很明显,南边维族聚集地,北边汉族聚集地。一到大巴扎附近,异域风情越发浓烈。不过我没有将镜头对准街上来来往往的人群,似乎真没有这个习惯拿着相机扫街,也并不以此为趣。这个坚持一直到拉萨也是如此,面对大昭寺虔诚的朝见磕头藏民,我不忍心让他们成为镜头里的道具。 仅此一张很远的,维族妇女和孩子的照片,让我想起牵着你的小手散步的场景。 2012年4月1日---4月2日 我的孩子:妈妈夜里总是睡不踏实,咳嗽的厉害。时差的缘故,在这里天天十点钟吃早饭,两点吃中饭,晚上九点吃晚饭。过着不可想象的日子,晚上九点多还天光大亮!吃完早饭,领队挨个的检查个人装备准备情况,没想到妈妈这个菜鸟居然收拾的还能评个七八十分,偷笑中。想想自己之前就是个什么都不懂的傻子一般,所以,我的孩子,任何事情不怕你不会,只怕你不肯去用心学习和做。 有个插曲,因为车队的队长带队还没有回来,出发时间不确定,向日葵色板官方只能原地待命。 晚上十一点半,最后一个队友,湖北的鱼姐姗姗来迟,这样穿越的十名队员全部到齐。大家互相招呼着,闲聊着。领队说,出发日期估计会拖到五号,这要到哪里去溜达一圈才好呢,可不能浪费宝贵的假期。 队伍有队伍的纪律,领队开了个会议,宣布一些徒步注意事项,路线安排以及物资购买的确定和分工。 学习是无止尽的,妈妈出发前GPS摸都没摸过一下,利用集体学习和实践的时机,赶紧的恶补。这是在无人区最重要的安全保障,没有这个在无人区非常容易走失,领队再三强调必须人手一台。每个人都认真的学习着,出行安全永远放在第一位!这是对自己也是最家人负责。嘻嘻,宝贝,你在照片中找的到哪个是妈妈吗? 新疆除了瓜果有名气,最不能错过的就是烤肉。才到库尔勒队友就强烈建议去吃囊坑烤肉,我很好奇,为啥叫囊坑烤肉?羊肉串咱这也有卖啊?有啥特殊的?到了地方一看,才知道真真的大不一样呢。烤肉是论斤称的卖,透着西北人的豪气,烤肉是放进一个大坑里烤制的,一架架排满。香气扑鼻,诱人垂涎三尺。宝贝,你最爱吃肉,不过你不爱吃羊肉,哈哈,所以假如你在的话,我一点不担心和你抢的打起来。你看见没有,肉就挂在架子上,要肥要瘦随意挑选,一坐下就有人上前招呼,你只管报要吃的部位和数量就好。 跑进厨房,追根究底的找囊坑,哈,果真两个大坑冒着香气,肉就是在那烤制的 呆了一会,烤的自己脸通红,赶紧的回座位,吃是正理,至于拍照嘛。。。。。。满手是油实在不方便。。。回复 ~懒猫~ 的帖子哎,咱菜园子里这会种了颗果树,嘻嘻嘻回复 小小闵 的帖子得了,你一贯作风,完篇时我通知你哈 2012年4月3日我的孩子:这次活动,妈妈负责的是全队的急救常识普及和药品购买。于是早饭后和队友一起按照事先开好的清单将公用药品购买齐全。这么长时间在野外徒步,特别是高海拔的无人区,药品的准备必须考虑齐全。除了常用药以外,还准备了救心丸,地塞米松,利尿片等特殊用药,以应付高反引起的急性肺水肿,脑水肿。一旦有人出现这些症状,药品就是救命的根本。你一直好奇妈妈急救包里有些什么,现在告诉你那里面装着足够动一个小型手术的所有必备物品:手术刀,剪刀,橡胶手套,止血带,针,线,绷带,纱布以及系列外用药,药品就不用说了,还有一块救生毯。这个小小的急救包能保证在野外遇到突发意外受伤或者疾病时,生命受到一定保障 领队看着无精打采的大伙,决定找个地方拉练下,别荒废了憋足的劲。于是GPS采集了一个数据点,根据导航向郊外走去。歪打正着的就到了一个叫库鲁伦格的峡谷里,据偶遇的当地驴友说,这还是天山的一个小小支脉。峡谷初现荒凉的西部景色,只有石块和黄土,连头顶的天都是灰色的。顺着山谷往里走,没有变化的单一,脚下一会是松软的沙石,一会是大石块。我不禁感慨,要是到无人区也是这么个样子,那走起来多没劲,直到下午六点走多出峡谷,热水澡成为每个人向往无比的奖励。 对了,还没给你介绍馕。妈妈给它起了个昵称:新疆面包。说实话,十年不吃我也不会想念它的味道,但作为食品补给,在无人区后半段时间它和玉米糊糊充当了主角。在家里,你吃饭总是挑肥拣瘦,在极限环境下可容不得你做出选择,吃饱是第一。 2012年4月5日:我的孩子:很多时候大人和孩子一样是好玩的,虽然向日葵色板官方嘴上都不承认。当然宝贵的假期耽搁在城市里也着实可惜,百度到库尔勒郊区有个美丽的博斯腾湖,于是大伙的心蠢蠢欲动,和领队死皮赖脸的请假获得一次短途春游机会。线路:莲花湖-----博斯腾湖-----铁门关 莲花湖:博斯腾湖西部一系列相互串通的小湖沼之一,因盛产莲花而得名,是孔雀河的水头,距库尔勒市25公里。湖周芦苇茂密而挺拔,湖水靛青黛蓝,湖心水域开阔,水深1.5--1.7米,明澈见底。夏秋之季,野鸭、大雁、鹭鸶成对成群,翠苇盈荡,水巷曲折,鱼跃鸟翔,荷花绽放。不过向日葵色板官方到的太早,没有一个游客,只有几个维修游艇的工人在劳作着。芦苇未青,白杨未绿,只花几分钟稍作逗留便离开。 清冷的莲花湖 奔向你,奔向自由的飞翔 博斯腾湖,又名巴喀刺赤海,蒙语称博斯腾尔,维吾尔语称巴格拉什库勒,古称西海。是新疆最大的淡水湖泊,位于焉耆盆地的一个山间陷落湖,又称巴喀赤湖。汇入湖泊的河流主要来自西北的开都河、乌拉斯台河、黄水沟、清水河等等。你会很好奇,这里的湖和咱家那的太湖有啥区别?妈妈要和你说,博湖更平静,宽广和安宁。第一次看见这许多水鸟栖息于湖面,在水天一色间自在的飞起飞落,吟唱着它们的歌谣。湖水无声而温柔的拍打沙滩,要是你在,我会坐在你身边安静的看你尽情的用沙子堆砌你心目中的城堡。你也会惊讶于湖边广阔的芦苇和放牧的群马,那与江南湿地的秀丽,小巧是多么不同。一直以来,妈妈总希望你能多接触大自然,不要一直圈在电视,游戏之间,要将目光投向钢筋水泥以外的世界。我的孩子,伸开你的双手,和妈妈一样去拥抱大自然的那份开阔吧! 博斯腾湖那些自由自在的鸟儿们,看着它们,你会觉得自己的心在飞翔 什么是比翼双飞? 我的孩子,太多东西对于你都是新奇的,比如这些放牧的马。回复 梦驴 的帖子矮油,照片呢就是共享的撒,平衡一下你心里,偶注明版权归属好伐 湖水湛蓝,没有堤坝的拦截,你完全可以走近它,感受它的宁静 前往博斯腾湖的路上,我第一次真正感受到大西北的荒芜。绿色似乎被隐藏起来,只有单调的黄褐色一直延伸。戈壁和沙丘覆盖视野所及范围内。气温虽然不低,但春色止步不前。没有树木,连草都没有,只有荆棘一簇簇不屈的生长着。此时我没有意识到,这景致将一路陪伴,直至进入无人区,下一次看见绿色已经在拉萨近郊。 最后一站铁门关:位于库尔勒市北八公里怪石峥嵘的库鲁克塔格山中。两千多年前的丝绸之路,就从这里沿孔雀河进入一条30公里长的峡谷。峡谷曲折幽深,岸壁如刀劈斧凿。据考,从晋代起,这里就设立了关口,因其地处险要,故名铁门关。它是焉耆盆地进入塔里木盆地的一道天险,自古为兵家必争之地。如今的铁关峡谷,峡谷中依山傍水之处,林木葱郁、百花斗艳,亭台楼阁错落有致、点缀其中。这是景点,大门拦起,需要买门票。时间缘故,就在门外看了看。河两边垂柳依依,绿意葱葱,一瞬间有回到江南的错觉。回复 木名字 的帖子呵呵,时间跨度比较大,的确快不了。谢谢你回复 燕小培 的帖子五男五女,嘻嘻,后面会有大合影的回复 幽谷百合-十 的帖子呵呵,个人口味吧?面食我喜爱,不过对馕真的爱不起来。但是有种窝窝馕口味好些([]
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Northern Wilderness, Solo Traverse of the Great Chang TangMr YANG Liusong, a Chinese who just finished the first solo traverse over Chang Tang by cycling from west to east in recorded human history, shared his stunning Expedition with all of us through the forum 8264 https//bbs.8264.com/thread-512349-1-1.html . In order to share his legendary journey with those who cannot read Chinese, I translate his story to English here, which has been approved by Mr YANG Liusong. Hope you guys enjoy it.为了让杨同学的传奇能让全世界的驴友分享,俺决定把杨同学的帖子翻译成英文。为了避免麻烦,俺先来个免责声明:1。杨同学不认识俺,也没有授权俺,如果他说不要翻译了那俺就随时终止;2。俺没有商业目的,译版版权归杨同学,俺啥也不要,也不承担法律责任;3。没有杨同学授权,不敢擅自发在国外网站,发在原帖处,荣誉归8264;4。俺英语水平有限,欢迎指正,欢迎转贴。 Northern Wilderness, Solo Traverse of the Great Chang TangBy Yang LiusongIt has been three months since I traversed the unpopulated region in the Great Chang Tang. There are many like-minded asking me about it. I now present this thread to briefly tell everybody about my journey.The starting point of this traverse was from the highest peak of the western part of the Tibetan plateau, Jieshan Daban, and the day was April 20, 2010.I was heading eastward passing Bungdag Co, Yanghu Co, Rola Co, and Kangzhagri Mountain, which crossed over the desolate region from west to east. The journey continued northward to enter the unpopulated area of Altun Mountains, through Hoh Xil Mountains, Kunlun Mountains, Whale lake, ..., finally met some people by the Aqqikkol Hu and then arrived in Huatugou by vehicle three days later and that day was July 5. It had been 77 days in total. I had been all alone 74 days after leaving Jieshan Daban until arriving inAqqikkol Hu, which was about 1400km and about four months.[The Great Chang Tang] In Tibetan, "Chang Tang" means northern empty wilderness while narrowly, means unpopulated region in northern part of Tibet. However, it actually indiCATes all of the no man's land in northern. The great Chang Tang includes desolate places in Northern Tibet, Hoh Xil, Alun Mountains, and Kunlun Mountains, which are interconnected to form the unique and super empty wilderness in the world. Only because Hoh Xil is the most known name, most people just think this vast land is equivalent to Hoh Xil. In reality, Hoh Xil is only a small piece of the Great Chang Tang both administratively and geologically. The Great Chang Tang, the last land to chase your freedom and dream.The route that I traversed ForeplayI arrived in Tibet in the early March, a couple of troubles bothered me. The brand new plug got its positive and negative wrongly connected; the rivets of my rucksack eASIly got broken from now and again; and a multi-functional charger got damaged and so on. Riding my bike to Ngari for warming up of this journey, lost my rucksack but later got it back; lost my camera bag and got it back later again, and finally lost a big bicycle pannier in the street of Gyangze town under the eyes of police, including clothes, solar panel and so on.Without much choice, I returned to Lhasa to adjust all the stuff I would need in the wilderness. Then I begged some luck by going to Nyingchi to enjoy the blossoms of peach trees and to take a hot spring bath. I even had the privilege to enjoy time with ten girls in the hot spring. I felt my bad luck had all gone and then returned to Lhasa again to prepare going to Ngari. I did not expect that I was cheated on by some hustler and lost some money and delayed my schedule for a week. I had to find a car myself quickly to Nagri. However, I lost the tool for fast-parting my rear wheel on my way to Nagri, where was a remote area in Tibet and nowhere to buy the tool. Even if there was one in Lhasa it would take at least ten days for a special delivery service. I was lucky that my mate Duola asked a driver to bring the tool for me from Lhasa. I thought there should be no more nightmare like this but the nozzle of my brand new multi-fuel stove was broken. The next day I tried everywhere to weld them back together. The first three shops could not do the welding for copper. The fourth one said they could do it but could not guarantee a sUCCess. The engineer said it would be ten Chinese yuans if it was a success. I agreed. Just in seconds, my nozzle became crap in a flash of lightening. I was so upset. Again, Duola helped me by bringing her own MSR oil stove and Dingding's sleeping bag to Nagri. That was already April 16 and I did not have much time to waste. The following day I found a vehicle heading to Jieshan Daban.The sand storm over Yarlung Zangbo RiverA lonely peach tree blossoming in Yarlung Zangbo Grand CanyonNatural hot spring in wild, me singing and drinking (photo by a friend of mine) Day 1(April 20), 16km, Camping 5192mIt was a truck with a full load of iron wastes, arriving in Jieshan Daban at 6'o clock in the morning. It was still night and extremely cold and dark. Driver was not bothered to pop his head out of the driving cab. I climbed up on the top of the iron wastes, taking my bicycle down. In a hurry, I punched my old water bag. Fortunately I had another MSR water bag given by a friend of mine otherwise I would definitely fail without even starting my journey. For the first time for me to set up the brand new tent in strong, cold winds. It would be impossible to do so if the tent was not a whole piece. Extremely cold outside, about -15C, might be lower than that, I put my head into the sleeping bag but was nearly suffocated to death, honestly. The smell of Dingding's sleeping bag was, lol, so extraordinary. I woke up around 11 o'clock. There were still strong winds outside so that I had to use my bodyweight to keep the tent in place. At the time when I just started to cook and eat, four patrolling soldiers approached me. To their surprise someone, in this season, camped in Jieshan Daban. I was so nervous and afraid they were the people to block my journey because I was caught and deported from the desolate land last year. Luckily the four soldiers did not know my destination and were very kind to me. After they left, I immediately packed my stuff and pushed my bike into the depths of the unpopulated area just in case anything unexpected happened.The bike was very heavy due to the provisions and hard to control. There was even a quite small hill that I had to remove my bike panniers to get over it. This really struck me because this happened even the path was still the hardship one at the moment and I could not imagine what I would do once I entered the uncertain, endless wilderness. Until now I had not met anyone, even the nomadic pastoralists. I remembered there were quite a few of them roaming at the edge of the northern Tibetan plateau last year. All of these indicated it was not the good pasture season in such low temperature and strong winds. Around 16km there was a sheep cote, where I passed it last year, east of Lungmu Co. I was exhausted at this point so that I decided to camp in here and to rest my head. After arranging tent everything I went out to look for the wetland discovered by Duola and Liumeng last year. I was determined to find it.There were many hot springs in the wetland which were underground water with a constant temperature. The wetland therefore became an ideal habitat for some fishes and weeds under such harsh weather, which was the very unique land feature of terrain in this over 5200m highland.Perpetual snow in the valley blown to corn shape by strong windsThis wetland was discovered by Duola and Liumeng. The workers at a nearby mine did not know it and I too missed it last yearUnderground water with a constant temperature, an ideal habitat for some fishes and weeds under such icy weather 感谢大伙儿支持和加分,不一一回复了。特别感谢多啦,希望能有机会一起喝酒吃肉。 Day 2 (April 21), 0km, Camping5192mBlustering gale all night, up and down like ocean waves. The next day rather than continuing to travel, I stayed inside the sheep cote, hesitating and pondering over. Indeed, there were so many problems before this journey;I did not have sufficient physical preparation;the load had already reached its limitation; I still coughed a lot;the weather was so extreme and cold. All in all, I did not think this journey was well prepared and I did not have confidence in completing this journey mentally and physically. To do, or not to do, it was the question. Similarly I did not have confidence in my facilities, not knowing whether all of them would work functionally or not. The fact was one of the rivets got broken again and the front rack came loose. In the afternoon, I replaced all the rivets of the panniers with screws I had prepared before. This was an excellent job I had done which gave me no further troubles throughout my whole journey. I also re-adjusted the front rack. However I did not think it would definitely all right because I did not have a tool to do it. When the darkness descended,I made up my mind to continue my journey, which, of course, was not beyond any imagination. Orchid-like weedsSmall springs everywhere, clear and chillyA thin layer of ice covering the fresh spring water The sheep cote, it was the door under the sleeping bag, which was in the same place as last year, everything looked like yesterdayThe wetland at duskLungmu Co at dusk. You could hear the gigantic sound of wind if the picture had a sound Day 3 (April 22), 52.4km, Camping 5145mGot up in the morning, could not put everything into the bags. Without much choice I had to throw away three portions of tsampa, elbow pads, and crampons. Following the road of the lead-zinicmine I found the side path to enter the wilderness, which was on the riverbed and very hard to see. I missed this side path last year so that I had to take a short cut into the wilderness directly then. That was why I had taken extra care to find the side path. The following journey was to get over a big hill, which lay 5275m above sea level and was the highest point of my whole journey. Around 2 o'clock in the afternoon, I passed the side path leading to Orba Co and started a journey which was complete strange to me. I ate a piece of pilot breads, which was frozen like rocks so that I had to use my spade to crush it. At 6 o'clock in the evening, I had pushed plus rode my bicycle for about 32 km. I reckoned I should have been able to double this if I did no carry such heavy load. The wind became stronger and stronger. I opened the parasail kits and tested it. The result was far beyond what I expected. With the aid of the strong wind I was just like flying over the wilderness. After 8 o'clock in the evening, I started to observe the water Source and to get ready to camp. Map showed there were successive springs along the path and assembled to puddles. But I had overestimated the water source here in this land and in this season there were endless wilderness inside the valley, where I could not see a single drop of water. As it became darker and darker, I felt a little bit nervous which resulted in three spokes of the parasail broken and became a useless rubbish. Anyway, it helped me to move forward 20km more which benefited me a lot later on. When time approached 9.30 pm, it was almost completely dark. I had to lie my bike on the ground and went on to try to find water on the north side of the valley. This was a wide and flat sandy land, where I could not see any ditches there and further was complete darkness. I returned to get my GPS to look up the contours and found the south part of the valley was closer to a hill so I took the way. Finally I found a piece of ice in a ditch. I smashed about 20litre of ice. The ice was quite shallow scattered with sheep poo. On my way back, my eyes were hurt by strong winds, which got me a couple of days to recover. It was nearly 23 o'clock after I set up the tent. It also took about 40 mins to melt the ice. I was so tired and my appetite was completely spoiled. I then had a little bit of milk. I had never expected thing would go like this, it was so distressing. Streams along the path, ice everywhereThe river flew into Matou Hu, in whose north part there was a satellite lake, a wonderful ice-skating court It took 40mins to melt the ice in midnight Day 4 (April 23), 31km, Camping 5028mA cloudy day with gusts. From now and again, hails chased me from behind. Sunny spell. Heavy sandy land made me have to push my bike. At 3pm, I arrived at Luxing Hu, where there was a house made of clay. This was the last permanent building of my journey. Last year, Duola and Liumeng once lived in this house for three days without meeting anybody. It seemed it was the same but the truck parking in front of the house made me worry about. I went to the sheep cote first to check over, where there were only a few lambs following me everywhere I went later on. This made me feel warm in my heart. I observed farther places using my binoculars but could not see any people or sheeps. After making sure there were no people around I opened the locked door using a screwdriver. The living room was very clean. There were two boxes of beverages on the ground and a string of cured lamb legs hanging over in the interior room. A pot of water was on the top of the stove, lukewarm, which indicated the host must be not far away from his home. I filled up my water bag and left the house. I also put the screws back to the door in order not to leave any trace of my visiting. I then took a spanner from the toolbox of the truck, which gave me great help for the rest of the journey.I left the house as quickly as possible. After last year's experience, the nomadic pastoralists were the last people I wanted to meet. A few hundred meters away from the house, the vehicle traces were fading fast. Even downhill, I had to push rather than to ride because of the heavy loose sand. From the route point of view, only after Luxing Hu it was the real unpopulated land. After many days, I thought of the lamb legs from time to time. It was pity that I then had plenty of provisions and the bike was too heavy to carry anything more. Continue to melt the ice under the morning sunshine, all of the sheep poo had been removed carefullyCamping site, the little hill over there was the place where I got the ice last nightThe house by the Luxing Hu, empty, the last permanent building I saw throughout my journeyDay 5 (April 24), 19.8km, Camping 4951mSet off at 10.30 in the morning, the weather was similar to yesterday. Probably this road was the high plain or somewhere the wind passed so that it was so windy. The average wind speed was degree 6 but could reach degree 9 in the blick of an eye. The road was still full of sand and very heavy to walk on it. My eyes became worse under such harsh weather. About three o'clock in the afternoon, I saw something in my right, looked like antenna. I went closer to see what it was and found out it was an iron tower (the triangulation station). In 1970s, a joint team from Chinese three military regiments entered this area doing research. They have left a lot of triangulation stations and benchmarks, which I had the priviledge to see them today.At dusk, I approached to a spring by the Bungdag Co, which flew into the frozon lake. The sand and soil, brought by the strong wind, scattered on the surface of the ice all over the lake. There were so many cracks around the icey surface of the lake. I geussed it must be caused by the springs under the water rather than by melted ice. In the west of the Bungdag Co was the side path leading to Keriya Pass, where a SUV could reach directly. I had looked out any vehicle Tracks but failed. The cloudy sky started to snow. I set up the tent comfortably because I knew that I was safe having such a sweet spring beside me.Triangulation station erected by scientists from the joint research team on Chang Tang of three military regiments in 1971[size=+0]The gap between water and ice in Bungdag Co, I guessed there must be some springs under the lakeThe storm just above the ground, a chaotic darkness[size=+0]Icy Bungdag Co,one of the four biggest lakes in Northern Tibet, wild ducks flying over this vastness and lonenessSnowing at any time, should not happen so frequently like this in this seasonDay 6 (April 25), 4.3km, Camping 5002mWeathering landforms everywhere around this area. Spongy volcanic rocks could be found easily. I pushed my bike turning around a small hill, seeing a big river, the Yinshui He, flowing from Orba Co into Bungdag Co, which I had been to its upstream last year. It was also a passage for animal migration. The downstream of the river was extremely wide and broad. The thickess of the ice layer could reach one meter with the main stem in the middle course of the river, very deep. There were a few springs along the river, sweet and clear.I only went forward a little bit more than 4km but I had walked more than 20km for finding my way. It was not possible to cross the main stem, let alone the north bank of Bungdad Co. What I could only do was to try to find a shallow place to cross. But the southern area was a even larger piece of wetland and forced the road turn towards west. I spent a couple of hours but failed to find a good point to cross the river. In the afternoon, I decided to follow the edge of the wetland. When I reached the hill foot, the wetland finally disappeared. Around this area, there were clearly volcanic feature of terrain and I even found traces of pasturing and cairns made from volcanic rock.Here was the last pasturing trace I found throughout my journey, I guessed it was a summer pasture area. After this, there was no clear sign of human activities in this vast wilderness. I had been looking for my ways until it was dark. I made up my mind where to go TOMOrrow. The terrain here looked like Yardang landforms, as well as volcanic landforms The Yinshui He river from Orba CoSprings scattered all over the river bank, painted green by lovely algaeThe river was very deep. The mixture of green and amber colour showed the sand and mud carried by the melted iceThick layer of ice, sunken surface caused by strong gustsThe south course of the Yinshui He, countless small streams. To the right was the wetlandLooking for ways in the east, a trace of pasturing and the cairn made from spongy volcanic rocksMy camp, opposite to the hillDay 7 (April 26), 11km, Camping 5009mI moved forward to the direction I found yesterday, turning around the wetland and walking toward east. At 2pm, I was blocked by the zigzag Yinshui He again and I had no choice but to cross it. The river was about 700m wide, covered by ice which appeared very different. The hanging ice, the folding ice, the piling-up ice, the icy puddle, and the sleet were everywhere along the river bank. Having noticed all of these, I reckoned the river would be receding at dusk, which was why there were so many different shapes and forms of ice. I put my slipper on, going into the main stream of the river. I found there were at least three different courses of the river, the thickness of the surface ice varied and the river water reached above my knees. I sighed there would be no way back once I crossed this river. There are many ways in one's life too, you can only take it once and you will no long have the courage to repeat it.I pushed the bike crossing the river. Some of the ice was a bit soft, jamming the tyres so that I had to use my feet to break them first. Some of the ice was a bit thick but with half-melted underneath, sticking the the bike completely, some of the ice was half-water half-ice with a sandy riverbed, which was really hard to pass. I had to remove all of the panniers at the last stage of the crossing. I spent the whole four hours to cross the river, my legs got many bloody cuts. At 6pm, the surface ice was almost disappeared completely, the river level rapidly rising to a chaotic status. I thought if I hesitated a little bit at that time, I could not have the courage to cross this river under such circumstances. The river bank was unimaginably sandy and was quite steep. I had to unloaded the panniers again to reach the top of the bank. By the time of sunset, the weather became exceptionally good. The sunlight from the descending sun, the blue sky, the faint moon, .... I liked such a colorful and peaceful Chang Tang and very much enjoyed my camp and myself bathed in such beautiful colour.The ice like this was very thin and suspended, far away from the main stemHard surface with half-melted underneath, the soft sand at the botton was most scaryThe ice like this could easily jam the wheels, hard to get it outI had to unload the panniersChaotic water and terrible hails turned up in no timeThe Chang Tang at the moment liked it used to be,a mixture of cold and warm tones under the golden setting sun Day 8 (April 27), 14.6km, Camping 5112mLast night, I forgot to bring in the odometer, which was out of order due to the coldness in midnight. Since then I used GPS to check the mileage. The digital thermometer was no longer working. I had to use mercury thermometer to collect data. Night temperatures were basically between –15℃—–20℃ while the temperature inside my tent was about –10℃. The advantage of the integrated tent was that it limited the ventilation so to keep warm inside. However, it got clearly disadvantage of heavy condensation and dew. Every morning, there was plenty of frost inside the tent so that I had to put my hood on First Before fully getting dressed. The winds in Chang Tang finally became consistent with the pattern I had researched the other day no or very tiny wind in the morning, strong wind started after 2pm, and then at around 8pm its strength was reduced again. The accuracy of this prediction was about 80%.The road was very bad today. I walked whole afternoon in an ancient riverbed and it was so difficult that I had to use all of my strengths to move a small step forward and then to stop to breath, slower than a snail. After five hours' struggling, my eyes got wet when I saw the grassy river bank. Finally! The nightmare was over.Cold and clear morningHeavy morning condensation in the interior, a lot of frost to clearSuch dawning sunlight indicated a cloudy day ahead Day 9 (April 28), 18km, 5072mIn the morning I entered a range of sandy roads which were so terrible. The solar panel specially designed for GPS got short circuited. After checking it was found to be the diode got damaged. Luckily I got a replacement. Because the GPS was exclusively supplied by a solar panel so that it was no longer a problem for the power supplement of GPS. In a period of 70 days, I did replace the battery once, which saved me a lot of alkaline batteries. I did have another solar panel of 5.4 W which was used specifically for 7.5V Camera, DV and other digital facilities. Unlike water, I had never been short of power.At 7pm in the evening, I arrived at Pur Co. The surface of this lake was very odd the ice by the river bank rose and the river bank was broken, I reckoned that was due to the strong winds. The ice there was mingled with something yellow, could be the stain of alkali. There were many wild yaks on the other side of the lake. There could be two brown bears but I could not be for certain. On the east side of the lake, there was a peninsula leading to the centre of the lake. I camped just opposite to the peninsula. At night , I smashed the ice to get drinking water, which tasted alkali. For the first time I cooked the cereals, which was brought completely by accident. This was just because I found there was a little bit of extra space when I was in Nagri packing the stuff for this journey so that I bought two packs of cereals. It tasted disgusting, probably there was too much alkali in the water. I threw away half of it. Later I realised that probably I subconsciously felt that the provisions was so heavy. I would rather make it lighter at any cost.Dry all my stuff in the morning sun, a routine matterA faint dusk in Pur CoThe river bank pushed up by ice and opened like zipper by gustsThe pushed up surface of the iceThe place where I got my drinking water, a thin layer of ice behind the ablation corns The moment just before sun set, glittering Pur Co, nothing was the same差点儿没找到俺自己的帖子,原来变色了。多谢各位鼓励。 Day 10 (April 29), 16km, Camping 5141mIn the morning, I walked around the north bank of the Pur Co, where it were continuous ups and downs sprinkled with light yellow sprouts across the sparse grassland. The wild yaks clustered into small groups. All of a sudden, there was a group of five of them running towards me, blowing a huge cloud of dust with the power of thunderbolts,I believed that anyone who did not know the characters of the wild yaks must be frightened to death under such circumstances. The fact was the wild yaks in groups never injured people. Rushing to you just to show you its territory. When they approached people at certain distance, they would turn sharply and run away, and then stopped somewhere high to stare at you. You can not imagine that the wild yaks were very cautious animals compared with its almost one ton of weight. Their first reaction, when meeting people, was to raise their tails, the front hooves rubbing against the ground, the horns pointing forward, the eyes redden, and the long body hair shaking, all of which showed their determination to fight.This was the warning sign that you should retreat. However, you should realise that this was only a gesture that they were afraid of you and wanted to scare you away. The thing was that if you were not afraid of them and moved forward, they would run away in no time. There were only some mad yaks attacking people, which was really rare to happen. In Chang Tang, an experienced driver know that it is very dangerous to pass directly from two or three lonely wild yaks. They always tried to avoid confronting them directly. If this was not possible, they would lit a cigarette, smoking, to wait until the yaks walked away themselves. This was because the wild yaks really could attack vehicles, which was not completely rumors. I once asked them why I had not been attacked. They told me that because my bike was so small they would not be bothered to attack it. My own experience was that approaching a wild yak very slowly, do not look into its eyes, and ignored what it was doing. As long as it moved forward a little bit, just stop and give the yaks a little bit of time to think. Because if you forced the yak, it could be themost dangerous animal in the world and nothing could stop them killing. Even a gunshot could not kill it but only left a small hole in its skin. In the past, the nomads living near this land would use yaks' skin as chopping board which was very much endurable. At noon, I lost my balacLAVA, which was brand new and I had never used it once. I could not be bothered to go back tofind it. This resulted in that I had to have my fleece hat day and night in the rest of my journey, which did not provide fully protection from the sun in the plateau. But somehow I was all right, perhaps because my skin is similar to those of yaks, lol. At around half past one, I found a deserted Jeep, upside down. I felt it could be there for years and it could be the vehicle of someillegal HUNTERs. Nowadays, we have wildlife conservation reserves in Chang Tang and the animals here are well protected. However, some people kills the wild yaks to sell them as the domestic yak's meat. In general, it is worth 10,000 Chinese yuans for a single wild yak. Therefore many people take the risk to make money. They often enter the unpopulated areas to hunt and their activities can reach 200 km in diameter. This is why the wild yaks in the deep wilderness are less afraid of people than thoseat the boundaries of the Chang Tang region.There once happened that a wild yak mother revenged its baby's murder in the Altun mountains. Its horns pierced the killer's chest and held his body over its head for more than ten days, which was very touching.Around 3pm, I walked out of the Pur basin. The next point was Hong Shan Daban and then it was the Yueya Hu by the Toze Gangri. At this time I found a vehicle track from south to north. I checked over but could not find the way where they had gone. I took my map, GPS, and compass, climbing up a small hill to estimate the locations of Hong Shan Daban. The mountain was very round and it was hard to find the mountain pass. After determining the location of the Daban, I moved straightforward. When I passed a messy grassland, I saw something that I was reluctant to see more than hundreds of wild yaks' head scattered all over, which was definitely the scene of the illegal hunting. After that it was a very long ancient river bed with soft sand slowly rising until the foot of the mountain.There are some spines on the surface of the tongues of wild yaks, which are used by nomads in this area as combs. They use them from their teens to the time when their hair becomes silver.The deserted Jeep, could be left by illegal hunters years agoThe slaughtered wild yaks with the wheel size heads. Some of the skulls were chopped into half. Why was that? Could be taken away for making combs?My camp at the foot of the Daban underthe lingering golden rays of the setting sun. Tomorrow's weather must be wonderful, I reckoned Day 11(April 30), 20.4km, Camping 5120mThe surface of the road leading to Hong Shan Daban was very hard, most of them were small rocks, sort of gravels, plus a quite long downhill slope, I pushed my bike more than 20km for the first time after Luxing Hu. The mountain pass was quite flat, just like a broad ridge, it was 5256m above the sea level. Upon arriving at the pass, Toze Gangri of 6356m was in my sight clearly, very much round and there was no back bone like normal snow covered mountains. Most of the snow mountains in Chang Tang looked like this probably it was due to the geological movements. There were quite a few chirus or Tibetan antelopes in the valley but I was not interested in this kind of animals anymore after I witnessed a large scale of migration of such animals last year elsewhere.The herbivorous animals here are very quick to reach its original size of the population, such as wild yaks, chirus, Tibetan gazelle, pika, and marmot. When you go into the depths of the Chang Tang, you could hardly be surpised by the sudden appearance of the chirus because they are so common in here. At this time of year, the chirus have already male-female parted. You could see many pregnant female chirus but hardly see any males. According to recent research, Zonag Co is not the only lake for breeding. There are at least four of them in the whole Chang Tang. Zonag Co, Tuzi Hu, Heishi Beihu, and another lake I can not remember. I think there must be more than four of them and most of the populations do not migrant long way like most people used to think. They generally migrant from south to north between Central Mountains and Kunlun Mountains.The chirus looks very timid but are very curious about outside world. They are not really afraid of people, particularly in the depth of the Chang Tang. The nearest distance we can approach is about 30m. They just stare at you calmly and think who you are and why you move so slow. They would run in front of you. Look like they are afraid of you but the fact is they are playing with you. A man's own character shapes his fortune. This is of course suit for animals too. The chirus are the typical one. They have a super speed and a pair of sharp antlers. If they are crazy, three of them work together could easily kill a wolf. But as you might have known, their antlers are just for fighting to mate with females.Down the Daban there was a very steep and straight road, I tried to ride the bicycle but ended up with falling over. The front rack came loose and one of the pannier flew into valley. The foot of the mountain was the Yueya Hu covered by ice, which was alake full of heavy metal elements. Along the lake bank there were many stark rocks very much weathered, lining up just like castles or houses. This made me stop to investigate what they were from time to time, I did understand they were just rocks though but they were so real like the figures of real people. On of them even made me hide in a ditch, observing them again and again using my binoculars. There were also many black volcanic rocks. All in all, the features of this area were really unusual.Passed over the Yueya Hu, it was an endless ancient lake bed. What my GPS showed was this area was a big lake like tentacles. I looked around, it was endless wilderness without a piece of ice and a drop of water. Roughly, I estimated this lake bed was about 1200 square meters. I had to tell you that Chang Tang was a place where there was no high-resolution map. The marks in the map often were some kind of memory. Just like this ancient lake bed under my feet, may be it was full of water a few years ago. Who knows. Pushing the bike in such an endless lake bed was very easy to get lost. My mind was in a chaotic status too.The migration of the animals, photo taken last year The road rising up to the Daban, full of gravels, very hard, ideal for pushing your bikeThe Yueya Hu gazed at by the round and smooth Toze Gangri. At a glimpse, could you tell which was mountain, which was cloud?Ancient lake bed. The white stains were the alkali, look like ice. About wildlife (part 1)Declaration Personal experience for reference onlyDangerous wild animals and their threats to human beings are a ever-LASTING subject for those backpackers travelling in the wild.In Chang Tang, for example, there are two kinds of deadly animals, one is wolves and the other is brawn bears. As substitutes, wild yaks and crows might be dangerous to you in some circumstances that I will come back to this a little bit later on. As for how to protect yourself against these dangerous animals, I think the primary point is you do not try to hurt them because the emotions of human and animals are same instinctively. [Wolves]Throughout my journey, I met wolves a total of seven times, in which I confronted them five times. As you might have known that wolves have become more and more solitary animals, it is very rare they live in a large group nowadays. Please allow me off the point a little bit and talk about the ecological problems in Chang Tang. The problem is now not the decrease of the number of the chirus but the imbalance of the whole food chain, more specifically, the number of the animals on the higher trophic levels of the food chain has not yet reached its ideal level which results in this kind of imbalance. Particularly, the pikas and the marmots who have lost their predators rapidly expanse which results in the desertification of Chang Tang. As early as the middle of last century, wolves were the dominant predators in the vast wilderness. They became a threat not only to other preys but also nomads pasturing in this land. Therefore, the then government called on people to cull back the population of the wolves in Chang Tang, which resulted in the current situation directly. The last official record about wolves attacking humans was around 1970s, which happened in Bamaoqiongzong. A team of secientists was surrounded by a group of wolves and they had to shoot them using guns. Of course, at present in Chang Tang, wolves are absolutely lonely.In this traverse, the first time I encountered a pair of wolves, one of them staying in front of me pretending to attack me while the other staying behind me. This is the standard attacking strategy of wolves. First, you should not be nervous which can be easily detected by the predators. Second, you should not retreat even an inch because this means you are the prey rather than the predator. Do not make any large movement, of course you could take a picture if you feel safe to do so. You must look into its eyes for a few minutes or even half an hour. When the wolves can not work out who you are and consider you are not posing any danger to them, then they will leave. You should remember that wolves in this land do not lack of food and it is much easy for them to catch a pika than a human. Even if being hungry, they would evaluate how easy to get you done, What you need to do is to show them that you are not interested in them and you are not afraid of them at all, let alone to show your ID card to them. As for the wolves family, really, I have not heard for ages. If you really have an encounter with them and they have no other choice, then it definitely depends on your forture. In fact, for so many year, it has been very rare to happen that wolves kill human. But the rumours are still there, in particular, the road connecting Xinjiang and Tibet.The nearest encounter with a wolf throughout my journey, no conflict at all[Brown Bears]Brown bears are real dangerous animals to human. Every year there are some accidents happened in some regions of Xinjiang on the north side of Kunkun Mountains and steppes in Northern Tibet. More than that the bears could attack your house, smash your windows, and eat your sheep. Therefore, in Northern Tibet some local councils give subsidies to the pastorarists for compensating the losses due to the bears because they are not allow to fight back and kill the bears except their lives are in great danger. Once there was a nomad taught me a method to protect yourself from bears. He told me to pick up a stick to feed the bear and the bear thinks the stick is your hand which tastes disgusting. So the bear would leave. It was so funny but the reality is to find a stick in this vast wilderness is just like you win the lottery.Bears are omonivorous animal who are generally not interested in human flesh. You can find that in most of accidents, the bears did not eat any of the human flesh rather they just smashed them for kind of fun that we could not understand. For the reason why bears kill human, one explanation is the conflict between human and wildlife in this extreme ecological environment. The nomads invade the habitats of the bears, which results in these conflicts. On the other hand, it might be because bears have quite high IQ so that they think it is much easy to kill a sheep in the cote rather than to kill a pika in the wild.I have met bears five times in my traverse, in two cases we were very close to each other. I had even walked with one of them for quite a while, just like we had a date for a walk. The fact is it is not that terrible like you might imagine. The same rules for dealing with wolves apply to bears. Never provoke dangerous animals. A bear can run at a speed of 40km/h, do you think you can compete this in a highland 5,000m above sea level?However, there is a situation where it is really dangerous, that is the encounter. It is not easy to control your instinctive reaction to the external dangers. Last year once I turned around a hill, there was a bear just in front of me. The bear of course was frightened by me with its front legs holding up, waving in the air and roaring. At that time I sat on the ground, ignoring it. The bear then left in a few minutes. Chang Tang is a vast land so that this is not that easy to happen. But if it does happen, really only God can bless you.The nearest encounter with a bear throughout my journey. This bear disappeared in a herd of wild yaks, which I had tried hard to spot, really weird About wildlife (part 2)Declaration personal experience for reference only.[Wild Yaks]I have talked about quite a few, like in the post of Day10. I will no longer talk about it.This was the funniest encounter with a solitary wild yak, who did not warn me. If I sat down, it sat down too. If I moved forward, it stopped. Could not imagine what it was thinking about.[Crows]Crows are dangerous only when you fall unconscious in the wilderness. Of course they will be the first to taste your flesh in that case. Unlike their cousinsliving in urban areas, the crows in Chang Tang have a larger body like eagles. When they fly over your head, you could feel like it is a piece of cloud. They are scavengers but like fresh meat too. It once happened that a baby was killed by crows relentlessly, let alone the lambs got killed by them. Once a nomad asked me for fireworks to scare the crows away. (They are sacred birds not to be killed by human)It is easy to defend yourself against crows, that is to keep fighting, never fall in the wilderness.A short break attracted the crows. Of course, they were miscalculating this time, photo taken last year[Strategies Adopted]At the time when I met the four soldiers in Jieshan Daban, they said there were many dangerous animals in the Northern Tibet and asked me if I had brought a shotgun. I think if they knew that I would enter Chang Tang they would definitely check if I really have a shotgun. The so-called defence facilities I brought with me were the fireworks and pepper spray. I had never used them. The fireworks were ruined and thrown away when I crossed a river and I had never opened the pepper spray. I even had never thought about this when camping in the night. The reason was I did not feel the needs. During the day time whenever I met any animals I had never touched the knife I had brought. I did not have anything to defend myself when I walked out to investigate the route. The Chang Tang is really a vast area so as to be very easy to detect anything strange.By the way, you'd better to avoid mating season's animals because even tamed rabbits could be aggressive in mating season.The thing is even if you have a gun, it is not very much helpful when bears attack you. Therefore, your attitude is most important.I can tell you something. Dogs are more dangerous than these wild animals. I had been chased by Tibetan dogs, pounced on by dogs in mating season, also besieged by a group of dogs. I really feel it is more useful to know how to defend a dog.Declaration again The above experience is from Chang Tang only. Of course, the more you prepared, the better. Day 12 (May 1), 23.8km, Camping 5117mToday was May 1 -- the Labour Day, I had been walking in some lake area marked in the map but clearly dried up. The lake basin was flat and hard so that I even pushed my bike more than 20km. Let it be the special treat for my May Day. After midday it became cloudy with growing winds. Since the Yueya Hu that I passed yesterday, there were no big lakes until Yanghu Co (My route would be between Jianshui Hu and Bairab Co), there was even no light alkaline water to drink so I had to pay extra attention not to miss any possible drinking water supply to fill up my water bag. There were a few very small lakes but all were alkaline puddles which was very shallow, whose depth was no more than the length of a half-finger. These puddles were covered with a hard shell of the mixture of salt and ice which smelled stinking and decaying when getting closer, must be toxic water I supposed. On the shore of this type of small lakes it was muddy soil and very hard to get closer.There was no sign of tundra at all.It was almost half past six when I found some snow corns in a ditch, which was the only drinking water supply of the day. There was a thin layer of melted ice on the surface of the ground near the snow corn, which was very hard to collect and was contaminated by the alkali. The snow corn was the yet melted thick snow, which was shaped like a corn by wind. The snow was quite hard and dry,porous like ice. I crushed a few snow corns, putting them into the water bag.They would be my drinking water tonight. These snow corns were the only one in today's wilderness, I reckoned the reason why they were not melted like others was the soil underneath contained large amount of ice blocks which acted as a freezer.Very strong gale in the night, it was hard to bear the sound of the vibration of the tent. Small single tent was good in the sense that it would not be blown away as long as you stayed inside. But you had to be very careful to set up the tent. I once did not pay much attention when doing so, the tent was blown away by winds, and rolling over like a Giant lantern ... I ran after it, got it back, and was exhausted. In general, it is not possible to fix the tent completely using tent pegs because they were not very much effective like large tents. It was snowing around 23 o'clock, the winds were howling from north,then the falling snow flakes landed on my tent quietly, I finally felt at peace and fell asleep. The flat ancient lake basin, assisting me walking more than 20kmSmall lake en route, toxic waterSnow corns, the only drinking water supply today Day 13 (May 2), 0km, Camping 5117mWaking up in the morning and opening the tent, the heavy snow outside must be sent by the God to force me have a break for the May Day. After lying in for a while, getting up and walking on the snowy ground out I went to have a look around. As first sight there were a herd of chirus. They were plainly to be spotted because they looked like a clear black straight line in the while snow. I returned to get my camera and then followed them to take some pictures. But they were very much alert and kept a quite long distance from me. I felt they were a group of pregnant females, instinctively protecting themselves from any potential harm. I was no longer short of water, the snow gave me a precious supply of drinking water. The problem was that they were very petrol consuming. I tool 8.6 litre of petrol and the oil stove was Duola's MSR. The pot was of 1.5 litre, mainly for boiling water. After several days' experiments, I found that the liquid water needed 16mins and 14-15mins to boil in the morning and evening, respectively. For ice, it would take 35-40mins while for snow it took 45-50mins. Melting snow was a very time and petrol consuming process so if I had a choice between snow and light alkaline water, most of time I would go with the latter. Lying inside the tent, listening to musics,I smoked a cigarette while gazing at the more and more chirus around me. Because it was very cold I had been wearing my shoes all the time. Now I just put my bare feet under the warm sun for some fresh air. I found three cuts in my hands and one in my sole. The cuts were about 4cm in length, looked terrible but it was actually all right really. Half of my toes were injured by to much walking, quite painful. I fetched my medicine bag and found I only got four patches of plasters, a serious mistake. One of the cuts in my hand had never been cured until I was out of this desolate land so as to feel like this finger would drop from my hand at any time. The others quickly recovered in a few days then new cuts appeared elsewhere. This process occurred periodically. I felt that it was somewhat related to the cold, dry weather and the lack of vitamins. The snow rapidly disappeared, which is unique phenomenon in Chang Tang. Because of the low air humidity and the high radiation from the sun, the snow was evaporating very fast, much quicker than the melting speed. Owing to this, the ground was generally still dry after the snow disappeared. In most cases, it would be only 2/5 left in the afternoon around 2 to 3 o'clock and small patches of ground could be seen. It would be completely all right for walking the next day. On the third day there could be some snow left in somewhere the sunlight hard to reach. So generally it could give you three days of water supply after a heavy snow like this. One of the pannier was broken, the most expensive one from deuter series, supposed to be waterproof. I will come back to it at some point later. Everything was covered by snow, no way out Lying in the middle of Chang Tang, listening to Tian Zhen's songs, and smoking Baisha cigarettes, what else can you ask for? The pregnant female chirus in migration, probably heading to Heishi Beihu to give birth([]
夏天(6月28日至8月26日),和朋友一起游历了巴基斯坦北部地区,并完成了喀喇昆仑山区K2大本营,以及snowlake两条经典徒步线路。旅程之奇幻,遭遇之惊险,徒步之艰辛,在我本人的旅程经历中前所未有,特此为记。 预先说明的是,这是个纯粹的户外帖,帖子里没有艳遇激情之类的八卦,也不会有0元穷游的嘘头。这里要讲述的,只是两个傻乎乎的老男人,不远千里结伴去喀喇昆仑,看雪山走冰川的艰苦故事。如果你和向日葵色板官方一样,喜欢徒步,喜欢看雪山美景,那么请相信,这个帖子的6.5万字、1500张照片和23段视频,一定不会让你失望。 (在巴基斯坦北部山区的行程示意图:其中红线是坐车走过的公路;蓝线是徒步线路上需要坐车的路段;黄线是K2大本营徒步线路;粉线是snowlake徒步线路。) 先大致列出行程表:6月28日-7月3日:北京出发,经银川、乌鲁木齐,抵达喀什与队友会合,7月3日到达塔什库尔干县;7月4日-7月15日:此次行程的第一部分,游历巴基斯坦北部山区:7月4日从塔什库尔干县经红其拉甫口岸出境,抵达巴基斯坦境内的边境口岸小镇sost,再往南经过堰塞湖,游览美丽的hunza,而后抵达北部地区首府Gilgit市;7月7日至10日,从Gilgit出发,往西抵达shandur pass山都垭口,观看著名的山都马球赛,期间很不幸遭遇球场骚乱,仓惶逃窜;7月11日至15日,到达徒步的起点城镇skardu,与徒步向导sharif会面,办理徒步许可证,游览skardu周边,并参观了当地什叶派穆斯林的阿舒拉节游行活动。 7月16日-27日:此次行程的第二部分,用时12天,完成徒步K2BC线路,抵达K2大本营并遇到了杨春风、饶剑峰、张京川在准备攀登K2,张梁、王静在攀登布洛阿特峰;而后艰难翻越了Gondogorola垭口,经hushey回到skardu。 7月28日-8月2日:休整,并往返gilgit办理证延期,未办理成功,返回skardu;8月3日-11日:此次行程的第三部分,用时9天,完成徒步snowlake线路,其间穿越了两条长度均在60公里左右的大冰川,抵达hunza。 8月12日-23日:此次行程的第四部分,从hunza出发,一路往南抵达巴基斯坦首都伊斯兰堡,办理证延期,并游览伊斯兰堡和古城拉合尔。8月24日-26日:伊斯兰堡经乌鲁木齐,飞回北京。 本帖各部分导读:第一部分:游历巴基斯坦北部:陌生的朋友:https//bbs.8264.com/thread-1430744-2-1.html第二部分:K2BC徒步:冰河世纪:https//bbs.8264.com/thread-1430744-26-1.html第三部分:snowlake徒步:喀喇昆仑密境:https//bbs.8264.com/thread-1430744-58-1.html第四部分:伊斯兰堡-拉合尔:迷失的国度:https//bbs.8264.com/thread-1430744-90-1.html尾声:夏夜晚风:https//bbs.8264.com/thread-1430744-106-1.html 在开始向日葵色板官方的旅程故事之前,先隆重推荐向日葵色板官方这次徒步的向导sharif。sharif是徒步起点城镇skardu当地人,今年36了,有一个儿子和女儿,年纪都很小。sharif家族三代都是登山和徒步向导,家传渊源,他对当地喀喇昆仑山区可谓了如指掌,非常熟悉。sharif为人友善,脾气很好,他组织的徒步向日葵视频色板APP官网团队成员,都是来自他家同一个村庄,在团队管理上没有什么问或矛盾,成员很友善乐观而且团结,还能有效控制成本。去年他接待了几拨中国游客,今年又接待了好几拨。由于政治原因,近几年来自西方的游客大幅减少,sharif也希望能迅速吸引更多中国游客,这次徒步过程中,他很认真地向向日葵色板官方学习中文,还有计划去伊斯兰堡学习中文,为将来更好地向日葵视频色板APP官网中国游客做准备。(sharif和他的儿子卡玛尔) 另外,还要介绍一下sharif的叔叔ali,向日葵色板官方都管他叫阿里叔叔。阿里叔叔是个很有意思的人,整天乐呵呵的很喜欢开玩笑,很好相处,在当地也是很有名的登山和徒步向导,LP上都有对他的推荐。阿里叔叔体力很好,带队经验丰富,经常和sharif一起带队。如果由他带队徒步,也是很愉快的事情。(阿里叔叔和卡玛尔) 此次行程相关注意事项:(注意事项比较多,如果不打算去徒步,可以跳过不看)1、证:按照巴基斯坦使馆网站的说法,为中国公民提供免费证,但是你需要提交一大堆材料,比较麻烦,而且证官还有可能挑刺,说白了,和证代理串通起来赚钱。如果你有耐心和时间,可以尝试和证官直接打交道(据说北京大使馆办理比较正规)。想省事,可以找证代理(淘宝上就可找到),只要提交护照和照片即可,其它任何材料都不用准备,价格大概在1000-1200左右,可以办理一个月的商务证或旅行证。需要说明的是,如果你觉得一个月旅行时间足够,那就办理一个月即可;如果不够,则和证代理沟通,争取办理两个月或3个月的。去年据说在巴基斯坦北部城市gilgit或skardu,都可以办理证延期,但是今年的政策发生了变化,skardu不能再办理证延期,gilgit也只办理旅行证的延期,最多给你延15天,而且审批很严格;商务证延期则必须到伊斯兰堡办理,要和各种官僚机构打交道,很麻烦。2、徒步季节:尼泊尔境内的喜马拉雅山区,最佳徒步时间是10月份、11月份和4月份,但是喀喇昆仑山区则完全不一样。这里的登山季节是7月份,徒步的最佳季节就是7-9月份,其它月份天气较差,要翻越垭口很困难。即便如此,在7-9月份徒步,遇到恶劣天气的可能性仍比较大。向日葵色板官方徒步这两条线路,都遇到了雨雪天气。据当地的向导说,今年7月份有5支队伍徒步snowlake线路,因天气原因,只有一支队伍成功翻越垭口完成了全程徒步,其它四支队伍都不得不半途而返。3、往返行程:从国内去喀喇昆仑山区徒步,可以选择飞到伊斯兰堡,再坐大巴过去,但是往返机票比较贵。如果走陆路,可以先到喀什,然后经塔什库尔干县,从红其拉甫口岸出境。喀什和塔县都有去巴基斯坦的国际大巴,到巴基斯坦境内的sost口岸。这样费用能节省很多,还可以顺便游览慕士塔格峰及巴基斯坦北部山区风光,就是时间比较长一点,我们就是这么走的。需要注意的是,塔县的海关联检,可能会查你的红皮书和黄皮书,就是《国际旅行健康检查证明书》和《疫苗接种或预防措施国际证书》,需要在你所在地区的出入境检验检疫部门办理。这两本证明,如果没有,据说和检查人员说好话,也能过去。但是以防万一,向日葵色板官方出发前,还是办理了黄皮书(《疫苗接种或预防措施国际证书》),花了两百元。红皮书办理费用要五百元,向日葵色板官方想省钱,没有办理。在过海关时,检查人员问了几句,查看了一下黄皮书,也就放向日葵色板官方过去了。回程也可以原路返回,但是新疆在暑期也是旅游旺季,最好提前预订从喀什返回的机票或车票,能省不少钱。同时尽量避开6月底和8月底的时段,这是大学放假和开学的高峰期,也是游客进出新疆的高峰期,车票和机票都比较紧张。从伊斯兰堡飞回乌鲁木齐,只有南航的航班,如果是在网上预订的电子机票,记得要提前去南航在伊斯兰堡的办事处打印一张机票确认单,凭这张单据才能进机场办理登机手续。 4、保险:出发前我通过磨坊网站,花几百元购买了美亚保险的“乐悠游”海外旅行保障计划,共包含12项保险项目。记得把电子保单出发前交给家人,并记下保单号码,一旦有事,可以用得着。5、徒步许可证:徒步K2BC需要办理许可证,可以提前联系向导办理。如果到skardu之后办理,需要3天时间(要传真到伊斯兰堡办理)。向日葵色板官方就是到了skardu之后办理的,3天时间顺便游览了skardu周边。snowlake线路是开放区域,不需要办理徒步许可证。6、交通:巴基斯坦北部地区的交通主要是汽车,由于路况不好,中巴车(minibus)比较多,车内很挤,包括司机旁边,共有5排座位,每排坐4个人,坐进去之后基本就动弹不得,有时车尾和车顶还外挂几个人。从gilgit到skardu,向日葵色板官方坐过好几家公司的minibus,只有一次我们坐NATCO公司的中巴,是每排3个人,算是很好的条件了。从gilgit到伊斯兰堡,有带空调的豪华大巴,票价2100卢比,坐17个小时左右。徒步的开始路段需要坐车,一般安排的则是老式的越野车,在后面帖子里可以看到。7、风俗:巴基斯坦是伊斯兰国家,特别是北部山区,相对还是比较保守。注意尊重当地的风俗习惯,没有经过允许,不要给当地的女性拍照,更不要触碰当地女性。坐车时一般前排是女士专区。和人握手和给人端食物,要用右手。女士去当地旅行,最好穿长袖衣服和长裙长裤,不要露出胳膊和腿部。8、旅行风险:巴基斯坦对中国人相当友好,北部山区更是如此,只要说是中国人,一般都会受到热情相待,女士更加会有优待。喀喇昆仑山区总体而言还是比较安全的,唯一需要注意的是,从gilgit往南去伊斯兰堡的路上,会经过chilas地区,这一地区的部族据说和塔利班有联系,属于比较危险的地区。8月14日晚上向日葵色板官方从gilgit去伊斯兰堡坐大巴经过这一地区时,大巴车都是几辆结伴而行,司机告诫我们不要下车。第二天,也就是8月15日晚,这一地区就发生了恐怖袭击,三个武装分子拦住一辆巴士,枪杀了25个人,引发了skardu市的大规模游行抗议。这次恐怖袭击也直接影响到向日葵色板官方的回程计划。9、通信:在巴基斯坦旅行,可以买一张当地的电话卡,打当地电话和国内电话都比较便宜,一般买中移动在巴基斯坦子公司zong公司的卡比较多,但是充值时会扣掉将近20%的税费。徒步路段上是没有手机信号的,不妨把手机关掉或调到离线模式。我的队友用的iphone,徒步过程中关机,只在拍摄视频时才开机,比较省电。 10、食品:徒步线路上是没有补给的,所有食物从skardu出发时都要准备好,但又不可能带过多的量,所以最好出发前在准备物资时,和向导做好沟通,尽量照顾队员的口味、喜欢的食物类别。向日葵色板官方走k2BC时,由于事先没有沟通好,厨师在路上就做了很多的charpati面饼给向日葵色板官方吃,我的队友,来自山东的海洋同学吃得非常开心,而我这个南方人就简直痛不欲生。后来走snowlake时,厨师就相应对食物做了调整,增加了炒饭、面条、蔬菜水果的数量。另外,还可以从国内多带一点下饭菜、香辣牛肉酱、巧克力、牛肉干、压缩饼干之类,注意不要带含猪肉的食品。11、小费:向导会对徒步线路有一个报价,人越多,每个队员支付的价格就越低,但是这个报价是不包含小费的。这次我和队友两个人走k2BC,小费准是:背夫走完全程,每人小费20美金左右;有的背夫是在翻垭口之前就半途返回,小费就是10美金左右;厨师的小费是50美金;厨师助理是25美金;向导的小费是150美金。这样算下来,总的小费费用相当于徒步价格的12-15%左右。snowlake线路的小费金额与K2BC基本相同。如果队员较多,相应支付给向导和厨师的小费总额也会增加,但平摊下来,每个队员支付的金额还是会有减少。所以去徒步的话,队员人数还是多一点比较划算,以4-8个人为宜,人太多了队伍也不好协调。12、充电:巴基斯坦电力供应不足,首都伊斯兰堡都会有计划停电。北部山区的几个主要站点,skardu有自己的水电站,停电算是比较少的,hunza则没有统一的电网供电,各个旅馆都是自己发电。因此注意,只要有电力供应,抓紧给手机相机电池充电。旅馆一般都会提供插座。徒步路上是没有地方可以充电的,相机备用电池一定要带足。我的宾得k-x单反,用的是5号电池,出发前在淘宝上买了充足的劲量5号锂电池,相当给力,4节电池能用一周时间。13、货币兑换:在北部山区几个大的站点,美金和人民币都可以兑换当地卢比,可以找旅馆老板询问兑换点。这次向日葵色板官方兑换,拿人民币直接兑换卢比,要比带美金兑换更划算。例如,向日葵色板官方在gilgit,一元人民币可以兑换15卢比,而一美金则只能兑换92卢比。在sost口岸兑换时汇率要低一点,到gilgit稍高。8月下旬向日葵色板官方返程时,卢比有贬值,伊斯兰堡当地的外币兑换点,一元人民币可以兑换到15.2卢比,美金则是94.5卢比,还是拿人民币直接兑换更划算。 14、装备:最后列一下这次徒步我的装备物品清单:鞋子:SCARPA barun徒步鞋1双,Teva凉鞋1双;背包:小鹰38背包1个,强氧摄影胸包1个,强氧水壶包1个,驮包一个;内衣:C3上衣2件,C1长袖1件,速干短袖T恤1件,红辣椒排汗长裤1件,内裤若干;保暖:防风抓绒1件,HW玉羌带帽羽绒服一件;外衣:Marmot driclime风衣1件,Pata带帽软壳一件;裤子:TNF速干裤、Columbia 两截式速干裤各1条;睡袋:MHW -15度睡袋1个,睡袋内胆一个;药品:感冒药,腹泻药,健胃药,创可贴,清凉油,云南白药喷剂,抗生素类药(头孢类);其它:登山杖2支,护膝1对,抓绒帽1顶,防晒圆边帽1顶,头巾1条,手套2副(抓绒手套、劳保手套),太阳镜1副,徒步袜2-3双,雪套1副,头灯1个,手电1个,水壶1个,雨披1个,瑞士卡片军dao1个,手机+充电器,剃须刀,洗嗽用具(速干毛巾、牙膏牙刷、小梳子),卫生纸,湿纸巾两包,防晒霜,润唇膏,小本子,笔,照片,证件,晾衣夹。相机:宾得K-X单反+腾龙18-200镜头;5号锂电池若干;充电器+充电电池;存储卡;相机清理工具。在这次带的装备中,最满意的是徒步鞋和睡袋。scarpa barun徒步鞋是我这次出门前新买的,相当给力,因时间紧张,没有经过磨合就直接上路了,经历了各种艰苦地形,全程给我相当好的保护。MHW睡袋是很早的款式了,又大又重,徒步过程中有几晚直接睡在冰川上,很冷,幸好带了这条大睡袋。徒步结束后我把睡袋送给了向导,他非常高兴。另外,驮包也很有用,经历了马驮人背,磨破了几个洞,很好地保护了我的背包和物品。还有晾衣夹,徒步途中,在帐篷上晾晒衣物和睡袋,很有用。另外记得带一副便宜的劳保手套,走K2BC翻垭口时需要拉着绳子上下,用得着。至于失误的地方,主要是防潮垫,由向导提供,比较简陋,睡在冰川上的时候很冷,所以最好从国内带一个充气垫过去,或者在skardu再自己多买一个搓板垫。另外,药品不妨多带一点,除了队员,背夫们可能也需要一些药品。这次我走K2BC比较衰,12天全程生病,国内带过去的药全吃完了。走snowlake时买了巴基斯坦产的药,结果基本又没有吃。 第一部分:游历巴基斯坦北部:陌生的朋友自从看了去年的几篇K2徒步帖之后,就一直惦记,但总是下不了决心。今年4月份,我在EBC认识的青岛哥们海洋沙漠发了一条微博,准备6月底组织去巴基斯坦K2徒步,当时我心里就痒痒了,可还是不能确定。直到6月中旬,我才向海洋确定参加队伍,然后赶紧办理证,准备各种手续,找风总和被窝购买装备,订火车票飞机票。那十几天忙得不可开交,我发现出门长线旅行,准备越久考虑越多,反而可能越有变故,倒是像这样临时决定,下个狠心,也就出去了。一通忙乱之后,6月28日清晨,我去北京站赶火车去银川。正值学生放暑假,北京到乌鲁木齐的火车票根本买不到,飞机票也是很贵,强总替我一番核算,先坐火车到银川,再转乘春秋航空的班机到乌鲁木齐比较划算。那天出门就不顺利,北京下了雨,这就意味着大堵车。我9点出门,赶11点的火车,居然差点没赶上。好在有惊无险,第二天29日清晨顺利到达银川,然后换乘中午的飞机,下午到达乌鲁木齐,在中山路找了个宾馆住下,离火车站比较近。准备第二天,也就是6月30日,坐上午的火车去喀什和队友会合。其实我真心希望旅途平安顺利,当然有点小刺激也是无妨。可是我没有想到这趟旅程居然是这样出乎意料的开端。6月30日凌晨5点,我在旅馆床上睡得正香,迷迷糊糊就觉得床在晃荡。当时我第一反应就是:屋子里进贼啦?没事干吗晃我的床?然后突然一个激灵,感觉不对,好像是~~地震了!我腾地坐了起来,床还是在摇晃,可是外面走廊上没有任何动静,难道是我睡糊涂了?我于是又躺下了,刚躺下,床猛的来了个剧烈的晃动,连桌子也在晃。这可不是错觉,我立马跳起来,手忙脚乱边穿衣服,边开了门就往外跑。这时各个房间的客人都纷纷跑了出来,从8楼一口气跑到大街上。大家站在街边,大眼瞪小眼,谁都不知道是哪里地震了,还会不会有余震。有人拿出手机打电话刷向日葵视频黄色视频,都没有什么消息。这样干等到6点多,我估摸着,应该没啥大事,就上楼回到房间打开电视,新闻报道说,是和静县巩乃斯发生了6.6级地震,离乌鲁木齐有好几百公里,这里震感都那么强烈。反正已经睡不着了,干脆吃完早饭,收拾行李,去火车站等火车。进了候车室之后,大喇叭开始广播啦,说由于地震的影响,铁道部门要检查道路受损情况,因此开往南疆的列车全都要推迟发车,具体何时发车时间不确定,大家在候车室等着,不要走远。候车室人越来越多,又闷又热,一直等到下午两点,终于发车了,晚点了4个小时。然后一路不停的错车让车,第二天到达喀什,已经晚点了8个小时。 我的队友海洋和小赵,在帕米尔青年旅舍,热烈欢迎我的到来。原本计划5个人的队伍,一个家里有事,还有一个没办好证,这样就非战斗性减员成了3个人。他俩6月30日坐飞机来的喀什,恰恰就在前一天发生了和田劫机事件,顿时让我觉得大家真是难兄难弟。 向日葵色板官方在喀什休息了两天,看完了欧洲杯决赛,购买了一些物资和药品。7月3日上午,离开喀什,乘坐中巴车,赶往塔什库尔干县。 这是我第二次去塔什库尔干县了,一路帕米尔高原风光,可惜中巴车不能中途停下来拍照。 一路最著名的景点,当然就是冰山之父、海拔7546米的慕士塔格峰。 下午抵达塔县之后,我们找旅馆住下,打听好了第二天去巴基斯坦的国际大巴。下午哥三个闲得没事,就去县城边的石头城逛逛。 塔什库尔干,曾有葱岭、蒲犁、羯盘陀的美称,维吾尔语意为“石头城堡”,就是缘自这个古代的石头城。石头城海拔3100米,地势极为险峻,是新疆境内古丝道上一个著名的古城遗址。汉代时,这里是西域三十六国之一的蒲犁国的王城。唐朝政府统一西域后,在这设有葱岭守捉所。元朝初期,大兴土木扩建城廓,旧的石头城换了新颜。清光绪二十八年(1902年),清廷在此建立蒲犁厅,对旧城堡进行了维修和增补。城虽小,形势却十分险要。城外建有多层或断或续的城垣,隔墙之间石丘重叠,乱石成堆,构成独特的石头城风光。城下即一片湿地,古代自喀什、英吉沙、叶城、莎车至帕米尔高原的几条山路均汇集于此。尽管风吹日晒,它的轮廓仍然较为完整。 石头城边的湿地,开发建设成了郊野公园,建了木质栈道,成为当地人休闲的好去处。 往北望去,远远可以望见慕士塔格群峰,白雪皑皑。 河水缓缓流过,这一片群山环抱下的牧场,水草丰美。 牛羊在草地上静静享受美餐。 开阔的河谷。 夕阳西下,照亮了这片美丽的湿地草原。 夕阳下的石头城。 如画的草原黄昏。 金色阳光下,闪闪发亮的草原。 蓝天下云彩朵朵。 悠闲自得的马匹。([]
萧县阿诺--河南8日游时间--2010-9-6至9-13日地点--河南人物--萧县阿诺项目--自驾路线和景点6号中午从萧县出发一路310国道,下午2点半到河南商丘,归德府城墙--壮悔堂--候府--归德府文庙--八关斋--张巡祠--应天书院--於伯台,晚上住开封.7号早6点出发一路310国道,景点--巩义市青龙关--宋陵--康百万庄园--杜浦陵园--洛阳白马寺--关林,晚住洛阳,8号上午洛阳龙门石窟--东窟--白园--香山寺--西窟--下午孟津黄河小浪底水库--龙马负图寺--汉光武帝陵园,晚住济源市,9号上午沁阳市神农山--下午青天河,晚住博爱县,10号武涉嘉应观--郑州黄河花园口风景区--黄河国家地质公园--下午楚河汉界风景区,晚住郑州,11号上午新郑市--黄帝故里--郑韩故城--欧阳修陵园--下午始祖山--晚住郑州,12号--登封市嵩山风景区--上午三皇寨--永泰寺--下午少林寺--中岳庙--嵩阳书院,晚住郑州,13号一路310国道回到萧县,来回2000公里黄河小浪底风景区门票40元,从2008年开始,大坝不让游客上了 神农顶([]
走进世博会——中国2010年上海世博会介绍(世博系列之一)目 录 前言 一、世界博览会历史 1、世界博览会的由来 2、历届世博会主办城市、名称和主 3、以往部分世博会简介 二、中国与世界博览会 1、中国与世博会的渊源 2、中国参加世博会的获奖向日葵视频色版下载 3、新中国参加过的历届世博会 4、中国以往举办的世园会 三、2010年世界博览会(Expo 2010)总体介绍 1、上海世博会申办的过程 2、世博会主 3、会徽 4、吉祥物 5、确认参展的国家和组织 6、上海世博会场地 7、上海世博会园区规划 8、2010年上海世博会门票 9、上海世博会世博轴 10、上海世博会世博公园 11、上海世博会演艺中心 12、上海世博会世博中心 13、上海世博会世博论坛 14、上海世博会网上世博会 15、上海世博会文化演艺活动 16、上海世博会世博村 四、参展展馆 1、上海世博会主馆 2、上海世博会中国国家馆 3、亚洲馆 4、欧洲馆 5、美洲馆 6、非洲馆 7、大洋洲馆 8、其他国际组织馆 9、企业馆 10、上海世博会城市最佳实践区1# 老顽童thtsjy 前 言 2010年是世博年,向日葵色板官方作为本届世博会举办地——上海的市民,愿为世博会尽绵薄之力。为此,我们综合了参观《走进世博会——中国2010年世博会暨世博会历史回顾展览》(在上海展览馆举办)、探访“中国2010年上海世博会展示中心”(位于淮海中路香港新世界大厦三楼)以及收集的有关世博会资料,整理成庚寅年第一帖,奉献给诸位参考。鉴于向日葵色板官方自身文字和拍照水平的局限、收集资料渠道的受限、整理功力的有限,本帖存在诸多不足,恳请各位指教,深表感谢! 16# zj522522 感谢以上各位支持,祝你们虎年吉祥! 17# 老顽童thtsjy 一、世界博览会历史 1、世界博览会的由来 在古代农耕社会,人们往往在庆贺丰收、宗教仪式、欢度喜庆的节日里展开交易活动,后来逐渐发展成为定期的、有固定场所的、以物品交换为目的的大型贸易及展示的集会。这就是世博会的最早形式。公元5世纪,波斯举办了第一个超越集市功能的展览会。 18世纪,随着新技术和新向日葵视频色版下载的不断出现,人们逐渐想到举办与集市相似,但只展不卖,以宣传、展出新向日葵视频色版下载和成果为目的的展览会。1791年捷克在首都布拉格首次举办了这样的展览会。随着科学技术的进步,社会生产力的发展,展览会的规模也逐步扩大,参展的地域范围从一地扩大到全国,由国内延伸到国外,直至发展成为由许多国家参与的世界性博览会。 26# 老顽童thtsjy 2、历届世博会主办城市、名称和主1851年英国伦敦万国工业向日葵视频色版下载大博览会1853年美国纽约万国工业向日葵视频色版下载博览会1855年法国巴黎世界工农业和艺术博览会1862年英国伦敦国际工业和艺术博览会1865年爱尔兰都柏林世界博览会1867年法国巴黎第2届巴黎世界博览会1873年奥地利维也纳世界博览会1876年美国费城美国独立百年展览会1878年法国巴黎第3届巴黎世界博览会1880年澳大利亚墨尔本世界博览会1883年荷兰阿姆斯特丹国际博览会1889年法国巴黎第4届巴黎世界博览会1893年美国芝加哥哥伦布纪念博览会1897年比利时布鲁塞尔世界博览会1900年法国巴黎第5届巴黎世界博览会1904年美国纪念路易斯安娜购置一百周年博览会1905年比利时列日世界博览会1906年意大利米兰世界博览会1908年英国伦敦世界博览会1910年比利时布鲁塞尔世界博览会1913年比利时甘特世界博览会1915年美国旧金山巴拿马太平洋博览会1925年法国巴黎国际装饰美术博览会1926年美国费城建国150周年世界博览会1929年西班牙巴塞罗那世界博览会1933年美国芝加哥世界博览会——“一个世纪的进步”1935年比利时布鲁塞尔万国博览会——“通过竞争获取和平”1936年瑞典斯德哥尔摩世界博览会1937年法国巴黎现代生活艺术世界博览会——“现代世界的艺术和技术”1938年芬兰赫尔辛基航空世界博览会1939年比利时国际水资源博览会1939-1940年美国纽约世界博览会——“明日新世界”1939-1940年美国旧金山金门世界博览会1949年瑞典国际体育博览会1949年海地王子港世界博览会1953年以色列耶路撒冷世界博览会1954年意大利航海世界博览会1955年瑞典世界生活艺术博览会1955年意大利都灵国际体育博览会1956年以色列柑橘栽培展览会1957年德国柏林世界博览会1958比利时布鲁塞尔世界博览会——“科学、文明和人性”1961年意大利都灵世界博览会1962年美国西雅图廿一世纪博览——“太空时代的人类”1964-1965年美国纽约世界博览会——“通过理解走向和平”1965年德国慕尼黑交通运输世界博览会1967年加拿大蒙持利尔世界博览会——“人类与世界”1968年美国圣安东尼奥世界博览会——“美洲大陆的文化交流”1970年日本大阪日本世界博览会——“人类的进步与和谐”1971年匈牙利布达佩斯世界狩猎博览会1974年美国斯波坎环境世界博览会——“无污染的进步”1975年日本冲绳国际海洋博览会——“海洋-充满希望的未来”1981年保加利亚普罗夫迪夫世界博览会1982年美国诺克斯维世界能源博览会——“能源-世界的原动力”1984年美国新奥尔良路易西安纳世界博览会——“河流的世界-水乃生命之源”1985年日本筑波万国博览会——“居住与环境人类的家居科技”1985年保加利亚普罗夫迪夫世界博览会1986年加拿大温哥华世界交通与通讯博览会——“交通与运输”1988年澳大利亚布里斯班世界博览会——“科技时代的休闲生活”1990年日本大阪世界博览会——“人类与自然”1991年保加利亚普罗夫迪夫世界博览会1992年西班牙塞维利亚世界博览会——“发现的时代”1992年意大利热那亚世界博览会——“哥伦布-船与海”1993年韩国大田世界博览会——“新的起飞之路”1998年葡萄牙里斯本海洋博览会——“海洋——未来的财富”1999年中国昆明世界博览会——“人与自然,迈向二十一世纪”2000年德国汉诺威世界博览会——“人类-自然-科技-发展”2005年日本爱知爱.地球博——“自然、城市、和谐——生活的艺术”2008年西班牙萨拉戈萨世界博览会2010年中国上海世界博览会——“城市,让生活更美好”2012年韩国丽水世界博览会2015年意大利米兰世界博览会 29# 老顽童thtsjy 3、历届部分世博会简介 水晶宫的魅力——1851年英国伦敦第一届世界博览会纪实 全世界第一场世界博览会——1851年万国工业博览会在英国首都伦敦的海德公园举行,展期是1851年5月1日至10月11日,主要内容是世界文化与工业科技,借此博览会英国在当时展现了工业革命后技冠群雄、傲视全球的辉煌成果。 “天时、地利、人和”催发了首届世博会 19世纪前半叶,欧洲工业革命正如火如荼地进行,科学技术的飞速发展,使人类生活发生了巨大的变化。 在英国,自维多利亚女王登基后,当时的英国在世界工业中一马当先。同时资本的高速聚集和运作,英国也成为当时欧洲金融的中心。这些因素触发了英国将在世界舞台上演绎主角的欲望。 此前,欧洲各国举办工业博览会已不是新鲜事,特别是英国、法国在工业革命的推动下,都举办了多届有影响的工业向日葵视频色版下载博览会,以此来推广本国的工业生产技术和宣传新产品。频频举办工业博览会使英国萌发了举办一次世界各国参与的博览会。 成立于1754年的英国皇家艺术协会历来承担国家展览会的组织工作,担任皇家艺术协会主席的阿尔伯特亲王具有一种与传统理念所不同的开明思想和创新精神。1849年,艺术协会开始酝酿筹划规模更大的博览会时,阿尔伯特提出“博览会必须是国际性的、展品要有外国产品参加”的设想,要求能在伦敦海德公园中找到最好的展览场地,以举办一届规模宏大的世界博览会。 “天时、地利、人和”催发了第一届世博会在英国诞生。 确立规则,女王广邀宾客 1849年6月30日,一次历史性的会议在白金汉宫召开,参加者有皇家艺术协会成员、全国博览会组委会成员、建筑公司成员和阿尔伯特亲王。会议作出了7项重要决定:1、世博会展品分为四个大类:原材料、机械、工业制品和雕塑作品;2、将建一幢特别临时建筑作为世博会展厅;3、举办场地选在海德公园南侧;4、博览会将是国际性的,由国家发出参展邀请;5、组委会将提供大量奖金以鼓励参展者;6、将成立一个皇家委员会来主办世博会;7、世博会财政集资由艺术家协会负责。 会议之后,组委会立即起草并提交给政府关于成立世博会皇家委员会的申请。组委会成员到英格兰、苏格兰和爱尔兰的65个城镇和法国等一些欧洲国家进行了游说,动员参展。 1849年10月17日,组委会举行了一次大规模的公共会议,向伦敦市最有影响力的商人和银行家描述了世博会的整个计划。艺术协会的项目融资也有了进展,25万英镑的保证金解决了财务问。很快,议会两院也以多数票同意在海德公园内举行博览会。 1850年1月3日,世博会皇家委员会成立。随后,维多利亚女王便以国家名义向世界各国发出世博会参展邀请。 31# 老顽童thtsjy 一个方案拯救了首届世博会 世博会的筹备工作开局颇为顺利,但是困难却是接踵而来。一是时间紧,距世博会开幕仅有一年半,具体工作尚未启动;二是集资困难,运作资金尚有很大缺口;三是社会上有大量意见反对使用海德公园举办世博会,因为建造展馆将会破坏树林和环境。但最大的麻烦是世博会展馆的设计与建造问。 1849年底成立的世博会建筑委员会立即向各国发出展馆设计的邀请。尽管方案征集仅有三个星期,但委员会仍收到245个方案,却没有一个获胜者。因为所有方案都是古典、永久性的建筑形式。这不仅使阿尔伯特等陷入困境,甚至有导致世博会流产的危险。 正在皇家委员会一筹莫展时,一个不经意的方案不仅成功地挽救了世博会,更是成为人类历史上的里程碑作品,甚至建筑物作品的本身成为了第一届世博会最成功的展品。这便是园艺工约瑟夫·帕克斯顿和他的创作“水晶宫”。 意外发现睡莲化作“水晶宫” 1837年,一位英国探险家在圭亚那发现美丽的王莲,便采集种子带回英国交给查丝华斯庄园首席园艺师约瑟夫·帕克斯顿(Joseph Paxton)种植。三个月后,王莲长出11片巨大的叶子和开出美丽的花朵。帕克斯顿将花以维多利亚命名王莲Victoria amazonica Sowerby(Royal Water Lily,Amazon Water-platter),并作为礼物送给了维多利亚女王。自此他与阿尔伯特亲王相识并成为挚友。 王莲越长越大。有一天他把7岁的小女儿抱在其中一片叶子上观赏花朵,水上飘逸的绿叶居然轻而易举地承担起她的体重。帕克斯顿翻开叶子观察其背面,只见粗壮的径脉纵横呈环形交错,构成既美观又可以负担巨大的承重力的整体。这个发现顿时给了他灵感,一种新的建筑理念在脑中形成。不久他在为王莲建造查丝华斯温室时,用铁栏和木制拱胁为结构、玻璃为墙面,首创了新颖的温室。该建筑除了简洁明快的功能外,建筑构件可以预先制造,不同构件可以根据建筑大小需要组合装配,这样的建筑成本低廉,施工快捷。 帕克斯顿听说了在海德公园建造展览场馆之事,立即毛遂自荐愿意提供他的建筑方案。 帕克斯顿的设计方案在众人的关注下最终被敲定,记者Douglas Jerrold在报上将它称之为“水晶宫”,这个名称一直流传至今。1850年9月26日,水晶宫奠基。6个月不到就竣工了。 整幢建筑是现代化大规模工业生产技术的结晶。 38# 老顽童thtsjy 博览盛会,创造历史 水晶宫建造的同时,组委会挑选和收集各类展品的工作进展加快。博览会共有18000个参加商,提供了10万多件展品。 组委会另设特别评选委员会对展品评选,评出5084奖项,其中外国人获得3045项。 1851年5月1日早上9时,水晶宫开门接纳来参加开幕式的客人。50多万人聚集在海德公园四周。11时30分,9驾皇家马车列队离开了白金汉宫前往海德公园参加世博会开幕大典,12时的钟声敲响,在“哈利路亚”乐曲声中,王室和他们的随行人员进入展览宫。 水晶宫内挂满万国彩旗,参观人流摩肩接踵,各种工艺品、艺术雕塑琳琅满目、目不暇接。人们惊奇地观看来自不同国家的发明、珍奇和不同向日葵视频色版下载。 参观者最感兴趣的是不同的机器发明。人们目瞪口呆地看着开槽机,钻孔机,拉线机,纺纱机,造币机,抽水机等各种机器工作,让人领悟到工业革命给世界带来的变化。 当然,最受赞誉的还是水晶宫,这座原本是为世博会展品提供展示的场馆却成了第一届世博会中最成功的作品和展品。水晶宫成为世博会的志。水晶宫成就了世博会的举办,世博会的成功又为世界上第一次聚集众多国家,为了一个和平的目的交流不同文化、科技成果开创了先例。 1851年共有6039195人次参观了首届世博会。 同年10月14日伦敦世博会举行了闭幕式,世博会圆满结束,并获得了186437英镑的利润。 世博会结束后水晶宫移至伦敦南部的西得汉姆,并以更大的规模重新建造,1854年6月10日由维多利亚女王主持向公众开放。它作为伦敦的娱乐中心存在了82年。1936年11月30日晚上6点,中央大厅员工厕所突然着火,大火烧遍了整幢建筑。水晶宫的焚毁宣告了辉煌的维多利亚时代结束。 43# 老顽童thtsjy 1853年美国纽约世博会 1853年的世博会在美国纽约举办,主办者效仿英国也用钢铁和玻璃建造了一个大型展馆,同样称之为“水晶宫”,但规模却小得多,仅及英国的三分之一。 45# 老顽童thtsjy 46# 老顽童thtsjy 胜家缝纫机公司(Singer)是美国第一家成功的跨国公司,其主打向日葵视频色版下载——缝纫机被誉为继农用锄具发明之后的又一伟大发明,并被称为“世界上最著名的机械”。1853年纽约世博会上展出的胜家缝纫机已具备以后一百多年间的家用缝纫机的基本功能。 47# 老顽童thtsjy 48# 老顽童thtsjy 1852年,奥的斯发明了动力上升梯子的安全装置,并在1853年纽约世博会上演示其发明。现代电梯仍使用奥的斯当年的发明创造。 52# 老顽童thtsjy 1865年爱尔兰都柏林世博会 1865年爱尔兰都柏林世博会上,一种起源于古罗马、风行于16世纪欧洲宫廷、而为爱尔兰妇女所钟爱的蕾丝作品,以其华美典丽而令人炫目,并由此推广成为平民女子的美丽服饰。 54# 老顽童thtsjy 1867年巴黎世博会 1867年在法国巴黎举办的世博会,已经具备了现代世博会的雏形。主展馆为490X380米的巨大橄圆形建筑,中心为公园,四周为展厅,16条通道分割展区,给各参展国设计自己独立的展馆。 57# 老顽童thtsjy 蓝色的多瑙河——记1873年维也纳世博会 世博会的举办与规划 十九世纪中后期,通过举办世博会来提高国家地位,已被许多国家认同和追逐。1870年,奥地利政府为将首都维也纳推进到世界先进城市行列,同时也为清除1866年普奥战争失败后的笼罩在城市上空的阴霾,向世界宣布:举办1873年维也纳世界博览会,主为纪念约瑟夫一世执政25周年。 世博会举办地选择在风光秀丽的多瑙河边,这条河随着几年前施特劳斯著名的圆舞曲《蓝色的多瑙河》而名声鹊起。维也纳中央公园被选作博览会会场,面积达233公倾。维也纳市政当局想利用举办世博会的时机,对旧城区建筑大举实施改造,拆去城壁,打通市中心与郊外的联系,多瑙河也在整改范围之列,涉及水道绵延半英里,拓展河道工程产生的50万立方的砂砾被用于世博会会址之用。整个工程规划由建筑师凯利·哈森那根据意大利文艺复兴时期的风格设计。由于前几届世博会的启示,维也纳世博会的组织者已开始注重建筑的功能与美观结合,强调建筑的整体魅力。设计中的宏伟庞大的主建筑群——工业宫,面积达7万平方米,工业宫建筑结构合理,长907米,宽206米。中央与园顶大厅相连,两侧留有宽25米主廊,主廊与长145米、宽15米的侧廊相交。侧廊之间有多个宽45米,长75米庭院,所有建筑均建有屋顶,观众入口装饰处建造了凯旋门和不同历史风格的大门。工业宫建筑开创了世博会历史中建造大型联体展览建筑物的先列。 60# 老顽童thtsjy 世界第八大奇观——圆顶大厅罗托纳达 维也纳世博会上建筑亮点是由斯各特·罗素设计的工业宫中央圆顶大厅罗托纳达。罗素曾担任1851年伦敦世博会参展委员会的秘书。该大厅设计显然受到了1851年世博会“官方”建筑计划书的启发,风格极其相同。 罗托纳达圆形大厅,顶高83米,直径约110米,成为当时世界上最大的圆顶大厅建筑,比罗马的圣·皮耶尔大教堂的48米圆顶和伦敦的圣保罗大教堂37米圆顶确实大了许多。圆形大厅的结构也是用金属制作,建设周期仅18个月,时间之短在当时令人难以置信。建筑被称之为世界第八大奇观。圆形大厅其锥形屋顶由32根粗大的柱子支撑,圆顶之上有一个直径为28米的穹隆塔顶,再上面是一个直径为7米的小型穹隆灯塔,最高处是一个奥地利皇冠的巨大复制品,由皇冠珠宝的仿制品装饰。 这个巨大的园顶建筑物引起了轰动效应,也倾倒了观众。世博会期间共有206270位参观者踏着台阶登到圆顶皇冠处,饱览维也纳城市的迷人景色并为壮观的建筑而荣耀。 整个博览会除工业宫建筑群外,还有机械厅、美术馆、园艺馆等新建190多幢建筑,整个世博会把现实和艺术,现代和古老,东方和西方不同建筑元素和谐地融为一体。 64# 老顽童thtsjy 布展独特展品丰富 建筑群内的中央广场呈东西走向,圆形大厅中央安放着土耳其苏丹二赠送的美丽装饰喷泉。四周由回廊环绕,陈列各国展品。维也纳世博会组织者,为了使展品分类越加合理,将展品分成26种,分类数增加到162个,其目的是“将创造发明、工业化生产与人类教育、生活品味和生活质量的发展相适应”。 16个展示厅内布局根据国家位置而设计展示体系,每个国家的展品都靠着其地理上的邻国,所以只要观赏了不同国家的展品,就可以获知基本的世界地理知识。 奥地利展品中给人印象比较深的是一副刻画政治家在普法战争中形象的象牙棋子和一颗重达8吨、长50英尺放置在水银池中的巨型炮弹,使人想起1866年那场不幸的那场战争。 埃及展示了世界注目的苏伊士运河工程模型。埃及政府把设计展区的任务委托给了一批德国的著名埃及史研究专家。他们在设计中将四年前刚开始动工的工程建筑与埃及风光、风情巧妙结合,把埃及的地理、历史和社会进程关系完美的展示给观众。 瑞典提供了一个模范学校的教育展示,从教室的课桌设计到学生教材丛书和办学规划,让观众了解公共教育的重要性。 维也纳世博会主办者强调发明和设计理念:科学和艺术,工业和手艺、过去和将来之间,需在美感和实用性的大前提下具有审美价值,构建完美的和谐关系。文化艺术类展品则显示了主办国-维也纳城市特有的强项。 世博会中,奥地利为维也纳城市设计了专展览,展览以丰富多样的形式,详细阐述了建成于罗马时代的维也纳城市中城堡、宫殿、街道、广场和著名建筑物的历史故事。该展览最令人激动的是节日欢庆和比赛活动部分,每天的露天音乐会,由约翰.施特劳斯指挥管弦乐队演奏不同圆舞曲和圣歌,当然最受欢迎的便是“蓝色的多瑙河”,因为只有在音乐之都-维也纳,在美丽的多瑙河边,在世博会特有欢乐的氛围中聆听施特劳斯亲自演绎的“蓝色的多瑙河”,才能真正体验和感受到艺术家的真情和艺术作品的魅力所在。 维也纳世博会中有两个艺术展馆展示来自世界各地的艺术珍品。法国、俄罗斯提供了众多的名家绘画作品。维也纳画家汉斯麦卡特画成的那幅长17米宽4米的巨作,尤其受人瞩目。 古典艺术品中有希腊、意大利送来的大理石雕像,其中有帕台农圣庙的复制品和米洛的维纳斯雕像,据说当时维纳斯的双手还在。 维也纳世博会于1873年5月1日开幕,11月2日闭幕,共有35个国家、4万多参展商应邀参加,仅有725万人次参观了世博会。最后财务的统计表明,世博会的总投资956万美元,但收益仅是其开支的六分之一,被认为是19世纪重大的财政失败例子之一。 维也纳世博会结束后,工业宫部分建筑群成为了维也纳玉米交易所,机器厅等被专门划出用于北方铁路货物和谷物储存中心。但是工业宫建筑和著名的圆顶建筑也同许多历史上世博会建筑一样,遭遇了悲惨的命运,它被1937年的一场大火摧毁。 66# 老顽童thtsjy 1876年费城世博会 1876年的美国费城世博会是一次重要的博览会,这是一届为庆祝美国建国百年而举办的世博会。费城的费尔蒙特公园,是世界上最大的城市公园,也是1876年世博会会址。 68# 老顽童thtsjy 自由女神像是法国赠送给美国的礼物。为参加费城世博会庆典,就将已完成了的自由女神像手臂和火炬先送去。直到1886年,自由女神像才在美国纽约安装完毕。 70# 老顽童thtsjy 爱迪生是19世纪最伟大的发明家,他的许多发明都曾在早期世博会上展出。 73# 老顽童thtsjy 就在这一年,贝尔博士发明了世界第一部电话,立即送到了博览会上展出,也是在这一年,中国第一条铁路在吴淞至上海开通。 75# 老顽童thtsjy 1878年法国巴黎世博会 爱迪生发明的话筒、留声机等在本届世博会上展出。 78# 老顽童thtsjy 永远的埃菲尔铁塔——1889年巴黎世博会的产物 铁塔的由来 1884年11月8日,法国下院议会做出决定:1889年5月3日至11月6日,法国巴黎将举办第三届世博会。主:庆祝法国大革命胜利100周年。 1886年5月,世博会组委会组织博览会的规划设计招。中者中有设计师古斯塔夫·埃菲尔。埃菲尔建议世博会场地放在巴黎火星广场和托罗卡德罗地区,展览面积100公顷。他在规划中创意建造一座300米高的志性建筑塔。 世博会的组织者们更是兴奋地建议:百年盛会中建造的志性高塔建筑,必须征集到大师们的作品,因为只有大师蕴涵的艺术天赋作品才能完美体现法国崇尚文化,独具和无可争议的优势。 招的结果是收到了1000份极富创意的方案,其中花样百出。如,设计一座巨大的断头台以象征帝国的死亡。设计一座350米的金字塔,塔上雕刻有英雄雕像和浮雕以描述大革命的主要事件等等。 但是,最“异想天开”的设计,还是来自年轻的设计师,古斯塔夫.埃菲尔的金属拱门塔方案。埃菲尔创意:“建造一座新颖的金属凯旋拱门来为现代科学和法国工业增光。这座拱门会给人独特的印象,也会超过历史上各种凯旋门形式。” 组委会委员、市政当局经比较和讨论,最终埃菲尔的铁塔门方案获得批准,当时新闻界大多数人也都对此方案表示欢迎。不过,所有人并没有料到,他们通过的这个方案成就了世博会历史上最激动人心的作品,也使1889年的世博会成为了经典。 80# 老顽童thtsjy 铁塔设计和建造 古斯塔夫-埃菲尔,1832年生于第戎,中学毕业后,他到巴黎中央大学求学。他在设计建造波尔多的杜罗河桥时,由于解决了桥梁支柱的稳定性的难而初露峰芒。很快,他又参与设计在美国纽约“自由女神”像,因内部复杂的结构而名杨四海。通过一个个大胆创新的建筑项目中,年轻的埃菲尔的才能很快得到了充分展示。 埃菲尔在方案通过后,在40个助手帮助下,绘制了5300幅工程图,涉及到建筑18038个部位。 1886年11月5日,法国贸易部长批准了埃菲尔团队提交的最后方案。并提供其预算2750万法郎中五分之一的资金。埃菲尔抵押了他的公司并设法筹足剩余五分之四的资金。 1887年1月铁塔正式开工,整个工地成了一个巨大的钢铁加工厂,每段钢材都在工厂里依照严密的计算,根据图纸精确制造,然后又严格检验、编号、并按图纸进行组装。高塔建造时现场并没有什么辅助脚架,全靠精密的计算和严密的管理,一根根沉重的钢材凭借手动液压装置精确顶到位置,再由人工用一个个烧红的铆钉,挥舞着铁锥一锤一锤加以铆接固定。铁塔用去15000根钢铁材料,二百五十万个铆钉,整座塔楼在水泥混凝土加固的底座上矗立。工程在28个月工期里,始终体现着严格而科学的秩序。 82# 老顽童thtsjy 铁塔引发的争议 埃菲尔自设计铁塔开始,面对的不仅是创新的技术难,还有因铁塔而引发的一场社会争议。因为,他的“通天塔”不仅激发了人们浓厚的好奇心,也产生了巨大的困惑。巴黎杰出的哥特建筑学派专家认为从数学角度考虑建造铁塔是不可能的。而最大的反对意见来自于巴黎的文学艺术家们。以著名作家盖.德.莫泊桑为首的47位著名人士发起了一项反对铁塔名活动,名的备忘录提交给巴黎政府并在报纸上公开发表。 反对和争议没有阻止建筑的进程,埃菲尔面对各种压力,始终沉着冷静,他认为铁塔一定会成功,他坚信建造铁塔将是完成一座人类理想的丰碑。 铁塔在塞纳河边渐渐升高,反对的意见逐步减少。人们开始冷静地看待铁塔,并对它的整体进行评估:大胆独创的铁塔,新颖别致的造型,直冲天穹的力量,张扬中却又充溢着浪漫的轻盈。这一切不又体现了法兰西民族独有的创造和创新的精神吗? 84# 老顽童thtsjy 铁塔建造成功 1889年3月31日星期日,铁塔主建筑完工,埃菲尔与一些世博会高官一起登上了塔顶,并发射了21发礼炮以示庆祝。埃菲尔升起法国三色国旗并骄傲的宣告“现在,世界上只有法国国旗能飘扬在300米的高空”。 艾菲尔铁塔,这个曾被嘲笑为“悲剧式的蜡烛台”,“可怕的钢材堆”“巨大的工业烟囱”为法国1889年巴黎世博会带来激情和滚滚财源。 艾菲尔与巴黎政府的铁塔合约在1889年5月起开始回报,根据合同条款,20年中,铁塔收益归艾菲尔所有,铁塔就象一个金矿,这个金矿给艾菲尔带来了极大的效益。 当20年后,铁塔移交给巴黎市,艾菲尔和巴黎市政府并没有料到,铁塔的收益会不断延续,在一个世纪后,铁塔仍然游人如织。 86# 老顽童thtsjy 世博会时的铁塔 1889年5月6日,随着埃菲尔铁塔上一声炮响,世博会正式开放,会期每天早晨铁塔上的炮声和晚上铁塔的灯光不仅成为世博会的景观,更是成为巴黎都市浪漫生活的组成。由于采用了电灯照明技术,这也成为第一次晚上也开放的世博会。 1889年世博会期间,登塔成为参观的主要目的和时髦,共有2百万人在会期参观了铁塔。 埃菲尔铁塔有三层:第一层为57.63米,设不同的餐厅;第二层115.73米,设不同的办公室,特别是费加罗报的办公室,负责为参观者办理登塔证书;第三层276.13米,是向日葵视频色板APP官网区、气象台,实验室(物理,气象,生物)和艾菲尔的办公室,一般不对游人开放。 埃菲尔铁塔有一部电梯,每次可容纳100人,斜升到57米高一层,另外一部可载50人的垂直电梯,开到115米高。电梯每小时可供2400人用。参观人也可以通过1792级楼梯徒步登塔,到顶层鸟瞰巴黎全景。 1886年,本茨制成世界上第一辆三轮内燃机汽车。1889年,本茨亲自驾驶着汽车在展示,大受欢迎,也预示人类的汽车时代已经到来。 1889年11月6日,法国卡尔诺总统主持了的盛大的世博会闭幕仪式,世博会明星爱迪生用新近发明的留声机,以播放埃菲尔宣布闭幕的声音作为博览会闭幕节目。 88# 老顽童thtsjy 铁塔的精神 1923年埃菲尔去世时,他的铁塔仍是世界上最高的建筑物,这一记录一直保持到1930年纽约克莱斯勒大厦建成,它比埃菲尔铁塔仅高出几米。 100多年来,埃菲尔铁塔历经风雨,屹立在塞纳河边,并成为巴黎城市的组成部分。百岁铁塔并没有因时间推移而失去代表时尚的美名,它那高耸、浪漫的丰韵成为了法国的志。它凝聚着崇尚创新的法兰西民族精神,它张扬着近代科学文明的威力,它彰显着巴黎城市无穷的文化魅力。 当然,人们也不会忘记伟大的世界博览会,正是这样的一个创造、创新的舞台造就不朽的埃菲尔先生和永远的埃菲尔铁塔。 90# 老顽童thtsjy 1893年美国芝加哥世博会 而今向日葵色板官方日常生活中离不开的拉链是由美国工程师Whitcomb L Judson发明并在1893年芝加哥世博会上亮相。 ([]
美好生活没有预告。它经受住绝望的氛围,然后出现,步行而来,不被认识,不带来什么,而你就在那儿。---马克·斯特兰德 本故事多属YY欢迎对号入座 如果只是些许忧郁,你会介意吗?总想特别自由独立地活着,寂寞地散发出积攒着的爱,那些无处可去的爱。 当黑眼圈在老定日抛锚的巴士上低声吟唱的时候,那首歌恍惚穿越到拉萨的酒吧, 那一刻,和黑眼圈太饱躺在地上相拥而歌。狗日的,恨不那个叫爽的邻居乘仙鹤西去。 珠峰东坡,马卡鲁北坡,十多天的缠绵厮守,谨以此纪念之。 当我死去的时候,亲爱的,别为我唱悲伤的歌;我坟上不必安插蔷薇,也无须浓荫的柏树;让盖着我的青青的草,淋着雨也沾着露珠。 假如你愿意,请记着我 要是甘心忘了我在悠久的昏幕中迷惘 阳光不升起也不消失 我也许也许我还记得你 我也许把你忘记 我再见不到地面青荫,觉不到雨露的甜蜜 我再听不见夜莺的歌喉 在黑夜里倾吐悲啼 也许 也许 我还记得你 也许 把你忘记 罗大佑《歌》 一路高原,精神分裂,甲乙丙丁,均属说梦。回复 行走田田 的帖子 江湖绝世高手的对决 之于珠峰东坡 伦朱林层林尽染 回复 史瑞克 的帖子新年好,初来宝地,多谢支持!行程:第一天深圳—重庆---拉萨第二天风马飞扬—帕邦喀—柳梧大桥第三天拉萨---羊湖----满拉水库---卡若拉冰川—日喀则第四天日喀则-定日—扎西宗--珠峰北坡大本营第五天珠峰北坡大本营---扎西宗---曲当乡第六天曲当乡—优帕村----未知名山谷第七天未知名山谷—小乌措---兰花谷第八天兰花谷---夏浓牧场第九天夏浓牧场----汤湘第十天汤湘营地(三队友去白当)第十一天汤湘---措学仁玛第十二天措学仁玛---垭口—冰湖---伦朱林第十三天伦朱林---曲当---定日---日喀则第十四天日喀则---拉萨第十五天拉萨---上海 第一章 未知9月24日 《罗摩桥》,郑宸:他们觉得旅行就一定要有目的,譬如到印度就要朝圣,到西藏就让心灵得以净化,只要旅行就要发现自我。其实真想要发现自我,坐在自家马桶上也一样可以,只是说出去不好听。 承认,自己就一直这样装逼,这次还是不例外,就有那么一点恶俗,年纪大了,也不想改了。 还是有人会问:为什么又出发?实在找不到一个更好的途径认识各种人,并且还有一点共同爱好,哪怕是假装的------喜欢出去的必然很臭屁,爱炫耀,不错,说的是自己。 生活中太多平行线,每天都与很多人擦肩而过,仿佛都不曾来过,有意思吗?人都是一条线段,相交之处才有精彩。好吧,折弯自己去撞见别人的直线。 和所有旅行社拼团一样,在彼此还没有弄清楚对方的名字的时候,已经开始一段未知的旅程。你也许觉得喜新厌旧,不错,这次就是要和陌生人上路。不走寻常路,只爱陌生人。 出发前好歹搞个见面会吧,不然一起出门多尴尬啊,总不至于啊哦唉的叫唤吧,不然白天都变成了黑夜,黑夜就躲进了被窝去温暖冲动的人们。 航拍高原雪山海子拉萨河 未知9月24日 风马飞扬客栈阳台日出 骑一辆单车晃悠,中午还得奔赴团结村见面会; 先沿着林郭东路,去看下两座清真寺吧;拥挤的石板街,小白帽们忙碌的交易虫草和牛羊肉,绿色清真大寺上硕大的遮阳伞下武警们荷枪实弹时刻警惕着,胡乱请示,得到允许后拍照赶紧离开;仓姑寺四十大洋的门票望而却步,门口灿烂着庙里的鲜花,春色满园关不住。 冲突?河蟹? 未知 9月24日 自行车没有锁,答应了老板车不离身,进仓姑寺喝甜茶看来是不大可能,失望的离开,去帕邦喀吧,这个方向是纯属体力过剩导致;风马飞扬的老板,准确是老板娘,见租了她的白马,就直接指着地图上远远的一个 山形的示:该去下这,地位很高的一个宫殿,帕邦喀。从娘惹路一直找北,在无比悠长的一个上坡后,寻见一个大石头上,耸立一个宫殿。狗声狂吠,喇嘛不见,毒花花的太阳不要钱的死命放射光芒,骑行累的跟狗一般狂吐舌头,要不是寺庙旁的金黄色植被一直像冰水吸引,兴许直到半山腰就放弃。这就是一个圈套,好比狗往主人给的项圈中间套。人,就是很贱,老是喜欢给自己折腾,整的如小清新谓之的旅行一样多好-------------从自己活腻的地方去别人活腻的地方过活。旅行,漂泊,去他XX的。 帕邦喀骑行者的小乐趣 非也,单车从拉萨第一宫殿帕邦喀飞奔而下,在团结新村七弯八拐后白色漂移的落在了藏家宴的门口。寒暄,不懂,也不想装懂,交完费用后赶紧拉上同伙的太饱整一个拉萨河环游:走,跟哥闯社会去。 拉萨河畔嬉戏的藏族青年 那从景观大道三一八开始吧,过了拉萨大桥,弯弯拐拐的就走进了夕阳,秋天已经开始挥洒他最后的一点荷尔蒙,难道金色是他最后的男性象征?一直不懂为什么电影的旁白都是融化进蓝天里,金色怎么了?金色很不错,黄金也是这个颜色。 对于金色的迷幻,于是在柳梧大桥上守候日落,风刀般劲吹,桥梁也时不晃动,云层太厚,未果。 拉萨河上 柳梧大桥 落日 拉萨河畔骑行 婀娜多姿拉萨河 秋叶 回复 六合八荒 的帖子拉萨很适合一个人的游荡 大昭寺转经的老人 布达拉宫远眺羊卓雍错第二章9月25日幸福不是实物,也不是状态,需要向日葵色板官方去领悟清早,仙足岛的一个私人客栈堆满了本队的公用物资。对比那个稍显破烂的中巴,只能说是任务艰巨啊,可怜的中巴,可怜的罗布。话不多说,美女领队和老板都扛着暴重的东西往车上装,三尺热血男儿,情何以堪。赶紧的,只要不整出高反就行了。敲打一番,大功告成。乌合之众公用物资轰轰烈烈的,伙同一众乌合,沿着社会主义初级阶段道路,迈着资本主义的步伐,向着美好的共产主义开进了。经过羊卓雍错,行程中早已安排。宛若天仙,更适合偶遇吧。阴天,羊卓雍错的表象也不再美好圣洁,悲哀的是看风景的人改变了她,来过的人都不能独善其身。行至路边湖尾,天空瞬间开阔,湖天一色,骤然美艳动人,可遇而不可求,远观不可亵玩焉。 羊湖漫步9月25日幸福不是实物,也不是状态,需要向日葵色板官方去领悟和零柒年的风土飞扬相比,如今的这条去日喀则的柏油路可谓康庄大道。更甚,纯属路过的满拉水电站,也整的风和日丽。一切都比想象的美好,还是在意从城市里带来的面具,活在自己阴暗的小角落。满拉水电站水库满拉水库来时 路蜿蜒满拉水库前途 漫漫9月25日幸福不是实物,也不是状态,需要我们去领悟 宗山古堡最怕小角落里没有文化,导致两回经过江孜的宗山古堡都没有进去。尘埃落于久木亚美酒店,一个美的窒息的名字,在来到她简陋的天台,方觉名字原来只是恶俗的外衣。洗了进山前的最后一个热水澡,至少还有每晚相伴的白加黑黑片,依稀梦见了喜马拉雅,直到第二天清晨的日照小布达拉。晨小布达拉 左下角为扎什伦布寺日喀则闲逛 如果有来生,要做一棵树,站成永恒,没有悲伤的姿势:一半在尘土里安详,一半在空中飞扬;一半散落阴凉,一半沐浴阳光。非常沉默非常骄傲,从不依靠从不寻找。——三毛日喀则久木亚美日出回复 《老水牛》 的帖子哈哈,一行也有阴天;不过总体来说秋天的天气还是很不错 第三章 9月26日面对的人,情绪和自己的不在同一个地方,谓孤独 日喀则到珠峰路,本以为零柒年走过一次不会这么快再走一次,一晃也过去了4年,岁月这把杀猪刀在脸庞没有留下多少印记,倒是苍老了蒙尘太久的心。行进的老车,摇摇晃晃,风霜,没有写在脸上,那是一路的黄沙在嘴里。 老定日的公厕依旧是半开放式的,雨夹雪中乞讨的人相继穿梭于各个小饭馆,当然还有卖化石的藏族小伙子们的巧舌如簧。各色人种,齐聚于这个小镇,像要发生什么大事情,但其实只是大家都要去珠峰北坡大本营,这个小镇是必经之地而已;这个场景要是带一把剑,一袭褐色斗篷,一匹灰色宝马,豪气的朝酒家吼上一嗓:二斤白酒,一斤卤牛肉,飞奔下马进屋,想必剑气十足,足够亮骚。可这是社会主义社会,来了,你就不能带凶器,胸器是可以的。正在幻想间,有人出手买了三叶虫化石;2.5亿年前的生物,掂在手里,含泪形象顿显,触摸一块寒武纪的石头,历史的厚重感油然而生,三叶虫不在乎自己躺着的姿态,它兀自高傲的望着远方,历史长河里有什么是恒古不变的,历经风霜还屹立不倒?三叶虫化石做到了,它可以骄傲。 三叶虫易手了,卖海螺化石的又来了;看来同伴被当做了重点客户公关,只是轻微的几声关于化石真假的质疑,就引起三叶虫化石小伙的民族矛盾教唆:你们X族人就是没有信任。。。还行,不是X族,那Z族哥们的立场决然坚定。 上了饭菜,都毫不客气的狼吞虎咽,这个习惯一直都保持到了拉萨的散伙饭。高原,寒冷,看来大家都不顾形象而风卷残云的填满不是那么坚强的胃,这点,足矣证明,条件艰苦与否是人是否装逼的一个充分非必要条件。 摇晃到扎西宗,太阳才吝啬的露出了半个脸,唱完山歌过了垭口,大地就一片苍茫。 北方常见的雪,在南方人的眼中似乎永远都多了一份喜悦和浪漫。 明亮的车窗,摇晃的依靠的更近,下了包,入住营地的友谊宾馆。今晚难熬了,海拔很高,还很寒冷。他的心很冷,身体也很冷,北风一直才吹,他被冷死了,穿的太少了。这个故事不会在现实发生。帐篷旅馆的老板生起了牛粪炉子,并碎碎念的做好了鸡蛋面。女人们都要了两碗,外加一个荷包蛋。男人们都斯文太多,许是需要的空气太多,供给不上,连咀嚼消化的力气都减半。更有甚者,太饱同学没有忍住,直接帐篷里现场直播。长安乱的小和尚释然不是说了嘛:忍无可忍,无需再忍。既然那么痛苦,直接稀里哗啦哈。对不起,不该拿比人的痛苦说事,所幸的这个营地血氧指不高的,身体异样的都坚持了下来。 入夜,也不知道是那个仙女吹了一口气,云居然散开了不少,漫天星斗。静夜,躺成一条河。 第四章9月27日走的每一步,都有强烈的牵挂,不知道是拿不起,还是放不下昨夜星辰,昨夜风。晨起,天色放晴,银色世界,大爱纯洁。冻的直打哆嗦,日出啥的都是浮云了,眼观就好了,脚架是不会拿出来了。猛烈的咔嚓后,胡乱吃了半张饼,一碗粥;赶紧的,要去曲当乡,断想北坡这个地方不会再来了吧?零柒年这样认为,壹壹年再次到来还是这样认为。以后走阿里线还会顺道经过?一切都是未知,从此不敢再绝对。珠峰晨光大本营藏民家的狗共同守望珠峰北坡大本营 晨起的鸟儿们 9月27日 走的每一步,都有强烈的牵挂,不知道是拿不起,还是放不下 世界上海拔最高的寺庙 绒布寺 离开或许还会再来车窗上的冰凌 离开或许还会再来 大雪 导致短暂拥堵 9月27日 走的每一步,都有强烈的牵挂,不知道是拿不起,还是放不下 扎西宗的成都餐馆,被过往的游人涂鸦的很有江湖气息。墙上花里胡哨的书写着每个过路人的心情故事,不乏笑料。正午的阳光很毒辣,在阴凉的石头房子里喝茶,午饭,小憩是一件很幸福的事情。幸福离你只有一步之遥,看,街上穿梭的午休的学生,几乎每人手一盒牛奶,许是微博公益的“免费午餐”,世间好人多,此地已被覆盖,甚感欣慰。门外的流浪狗很多,大厨丹增把吃不完的饭菜全部赠予了这些上苍带到世间的生灵,他们的眼神满是感激和满足。 离开扎西宗,往曲当的山路崎岖不平。也是狭义上此次珠峰东坡及马卡鲁北坡徒步的开始。荒凉,主宰这这个河谷,唯有河谷底有些微的一簇簇绿色,人类的建筑也一定围绕着仅有的生命。 昏睡两个多小时,领队喵喵告知到了曲当,出了一点状况,之前预定的珠峰宾馆只有6个床位了,条件真的很简陋,实在和这个名字不太符合。所幸还有另外一家庭旅馆,条件稍好;而且还有一个透亮的堂屋,可以散落横躺喝酒胡吹海侃。曲当乡不经意的,遇见彩虹 抢好了床位开始折腾从沿海带去的两个澳芒,那两个如成人双拳紧握般大小的芒果,一路颠簸,也开始发酵。黑眼圈毫不分说,手起刀落,稀里糊涂的进了大家的肠胃。本应作为山野炫耀之物,却在山门口便经由人类的分解作用化为肥料,始料未及。 店家的厕所是在室外,一个土砖砌成的矮房子二楼,上须经一耷拉的楼梯,无扶手,茅厕亦无顶;有好事者盘算,人若上去,便撤了那梯子,坐地起价,让入恭者沦为待宰羔羊。一夜,这个故事也没有发生,意淫都是开花不结果。 是夜,淅淅沥沥的下起了下雨。司机开始和泰山喝着拉萨啤酒,藏人的婚俗也开始被同伴艳羡。店家汉语不错,老婆只会藏语,就在一旁笑笑,并不时添酒。店家以前经常走去尼泊尔经商,他说不远,才说五到六天;好吧,若想偷渡,去吧,山就在那里的。 雨越来越大。在村子碰见的外国队伍就是由于天气原因下撤了,都等了三四天了;店家说下雨了5天;期盼这次进山有个好天气,于是有人预测,明天是一个晴天,此人后来被赐号:半仙。每当乌云密布之时,他的只言片语总让大家感觉到希望,后来事实证明那确实是梦想成真的,兴许,这是相信的力量。 从珠峰大本营过来,累了,躺在床上就呼呼大睡,可害苦了旁边的少爷。据后来店家回忆,半夜少爷老是起床,独自站在门口遥望星空,店家每次都问:需要什么向日葵视频色板APP官网,少爷总是摇头不语,专注夜观天象,祈祷明天有个好天气。据后来少爷的红颜知己沙沙回忆,裹着那个零下50度的鸭绒睡袋,枕边山风呼啸,只恨枕头不能消灭一切声响,他躺不住了,他站起来了,他咬牙切齿,几乎手起刀落,仇恨的怒火,在偏远的山村,化为漫天的仰望,这星空,看出了啥不同?这折腾的一夜,于少爷是折磨的一夜,于睡熟的人是难得的温柔乡。 第五章9月28日我在想你你却不知道 王妈妈的裹脚,整了又臭又长的一堆,终于开始正,徒步开始。那心情,如小鸟一般放飞,偷笑一下,都老鸟了,哎,这世道,就习惯装嫩。徒步的起点 优帕村 曲当乡到优帕村的公路只有一段能走司机罗布的中巴,在一座小桥,卸下了所有物资,背上当天所需,向着大山开进。公用物资就直接交给牦牛队了,等不及牦牛队的到来,双脚不由自主的朝坡上的村子爬了上去。 一路的扎西德勒,村子里的藏民都很友好的回应,但是基本都不太会汉语;峡谷四周的雪山若隐若现,谷底的田里青稞已经开始收割,金黄一片;走在半山腰的村子的田梗上,望着谷底小路上的同伴,意气风发的向着雪山迈进;偶遇小牛,被绳拴住,爱心泛滥的伍舞还是禁不住去调戏了一把,小牛连吃奶的力气都使出,方逃离她的魔幻掌。炊烟 优帕村 9月28日我在想你你却不知道 不时有飞鸟掠过天空 自由的心情加快了前进的步伐 青稞草垛 丰收的喜悦 优帕河谷中的富饶之地 9月28日我在想你你却不知道 徒步开始就来了一个下马威,一个大上坡;费劲九牛二虎之力,爬到垭口,吃路餐。七零八零开始嘲笑六零不会吃果冻,六零们倒是超然的扔出香烟分享。人和人的沟通交汇需要一个载体,在这荒芜的山腰间,香烟,就是最好的选择;燃烧的是虚无,烟尘的飘忽,摇曳漂移的眼神,你我之间,无需言语,你的沉静,有我的寂寞感染。黑眼圈贡献的白骄,过滤嘴中间一点红心,初抽,青涩未褪,难免呛人;拗个造型,就徐娘半老了,吞云吐雾的,好不快活。当下的光景,雪山在云雾中欲迎还羞,走路的人们却佯装一路美景。 从山上走下的藏民说有两队老外人马在小乌错扎营了,大家决定在一个山谷安顿今夜的寂寞时光;好吧,小乌错,今夜月光皎洁,孤寂的散发你的芬芳吧,明日再拥抱你。山谷秋色渐浓 既来之,则安之;七手八脚的搭着帐篷,不知谁发现一个白色大蘑菇,大家都欣喜若狂的合影,可怜的蘑菇边角被人踩掉一块,追问之下,肇事者却是泰山;维纳斯也是残缺的,心安理得的配上娇艳欲滴纤纤玉手,外加紫色指甲,一副摧菇魔手图在快门的咔嚓下完成。这个蘑菇的命运在藏民发现后就发生了转折,直接被踩得四分五裂,呜呼哀哉。 妩媚的抚摸 残缺的蘑菇确不能体会 米玛大厨的第一餐,晴空文质彬彬的拿出他白色的小碗,他人却风卷残云;很多事情最初的主观界定会是一个严重的错误,若及时的调转方向,就会拨云见日。日后的几餐,再也不见那悲催的小白碗。 很诧异在这个季节,高山杜鹃绽放;不过一夜寒霜,花瓣就变成了冰凌 9月28日我在想你你却不知道 夜未央,仓惶的流萤没见提着灯笼,流星倒是不时划过天际,思绪野草般疯长,蔓延。赶急的夜风唱着山歌敲打着贫瘠的思恋浅浅深深,敲开了如水的心扉,深深浅浅,浅浅深深,落寞的双翅鼓鼓作响。梦的呓语,游荡整个宁静的夜。 角色甲:一种难以名状的情愫。在高原恶劣的天气,身体有些反抗,期待一个坚实的肩膀。捧一碗热水,偎依,眼角湿润,流下的都是感知。不能天荒地老,就珍惜每一个在身边的日子。多想守候自在你身旁,静静的感受命运变幻,即使无常,体会那默默忍耐的力量,明朝清风依旧会掠过山岗,依然会感觉寒冷,但无法阻挡对温暖的向往。 角色乙:世俗眼光,难道始终人前陌路。被爱是一种幸福,不介意身份,年龄,外貌。人前还是得带上伪装的面具,你感受的得么,没有你的搀扶? 露营第一天营地 繁星 第六章9月29日追逐,看不见的彼岸,你在等我吗? 有些心底想念的话,到了嘴角,却又咽下,于是时光彷徨,日子漫长。 山谷中的第一夜,感觉还不错;一早吃了白粥咸菜白水蛋,不等消化就和时君,伍舞先行朝小乌错开进,从此踏上了找日的征程。前面的雪山开始逐渐被阳光照耀,于空寂的峡谷,觅得杜鹃树下,舒坦的清理了肠道。路遇几个小水塘,开始都以为是小乌错,但是一会就把自己否决。开始了幻觉,在一个垭口抽了几支烟方才清醒,天空云层变厚,太阳开始闪烁其词。直到正午,遇上了老外的牦牛队整装出发,才确认到了小乌错,才确认这是现实,而非梦境。 迎着朝阳放声高歌 第一眼,她的波光粼粼就让人砰然心动,然后用双眸清澈眼神,触摸她的婀娜多姿。一切只是开始,独自静坐湖边小山坡,看云卷云舒,乌鸦盘旋。太阳的恩泽,雪山的庇佑,时间虽未被定格,却已化作丝丝情愫,柔软了天地。躺在她的臂弯,向日葵色板官方都是天真的孩子。 小乌措 招呼后到的同伴爬上湖边的小山坡,分享阳光。雪山沁人的清风,享受五星的室外午餐------米玛秘制卤鸡腿,红牛,雪梨,果冻,曲奇,简单而美好。 途径沼泽静谧 行走,朝着雪山的方向 心生象象生花 路遇老外团队驮队 小乌措阳光正好小乌措大美无言小乌措乌鸦群 小乌措翱翔 每个人都有自己的一片天空,如同天空飞翔的吉祥乌鸦回复 紫藤秋水 的帖子haha,这条线路好,希望火起来,可以媲美尼泊尔的EBC. 回复 黑眼圈D 的帖子 那是必须的, 小乌措行走(大部分队伍都有在曲当请牦牛和小工,后去的队伍记得找乡政府安排,每家都有排号等候分配,免得引起当地藏民的收入纠纷) 名副其实小乌措 小乌措的乌鸦确实很多,个头很大。照片右边若隐若现的雪山为马卡鲁 孤单的不只是玩偶回复 南京小跳 的帖子参数都没有删除,大部分D700,小部分 LX5 垭口翻过雪花飞舞 沿湖边走上垭口,天空开始飘雪,往上积雪变得越发厚实,只有沿着前面牦牛留下的深深的脚印,才不至于迷失在黑白世界;周边有三个海子,都是登高后才发现,那份宁静深远,只好远观。 垭口回望小乌措 一路向上颇多海子 建议后续小乌措扎营的TX早点从小乌措出发,垭口的天气变化快,上午晴空万里,风景更美回复 pgy250 的帖子多谢赞扬,咱国家的大好河山很多哈,只不过很多咱们都不是太知道;倒是老外去的多哦([]
8月22日晚上从马来西亚的吉隆坡飞去了意大利的罗马。在欧洲的行程还没有确定,就从罗马开始旅行基本上就走一步看一步,走到那就算那呗。。。旅行中没有闲工夫写文字就简单的发点图片吧!纪录下走过的行程:意大利:罗马——梵蒂冈——佛罗伦萨——比萨——锡耶纳——圣吉米亚诺——米兰瑞士:卢塞恩———苏黎世德国:巴州———国王湖奥地利:萨尔茨堡———维也纳捷克:布拉格———克鲁姆洛夫德国:柏林———汉堡荷兰:阿姆斯特丹———马斯特里赫特比利时:卢森堡:法国:肯尼亚:坦桑尼亚:在意大利的驴友有木有?求各种形式的拼房+拼饭。。。去欧洲是上中学时就有的愿望,这次终于有机会实现,实在是老天的恩赐咯!在旅行的过程中重拾自我,一个人来到欧洲,需要溶入这里的生活,否则自己会很痛苦,我想我应该能做到。我想能溶入这里的生活是因为我没有像大多数中国人那样把自己摆在亚洲人甚至是中国人的位置上跟他们交往。作为同是吃食物造粪的地球人,没有什么区别,如果他们是吃粪造食物的,那向日葵色板官方天朝人也不敢吃食物了,但是还好他们和向日葵色板官方一样也是娘了个希匹的造粪动物,这样想向日葵色板官方就是平等的哇哈哈。。。没有来欧洲之前就知道这里的空气很新鲜,大概相当于杭州空气质量优的日子,甚至更好。所以下飞机走出机场,不由的做几次深呼吸,我终于又来了,自由的欧洲。这里是没有压力的欧洲,没有人在意你有钱没钱,没有人在意你在这里是否有房,是否有车,是否穿名牌,是否结婚,甚至没有人在意你是否穿衣服。。。总之,不会有人会在意你的一切,爱干嘛干嘛。你要是觉得失落,你就失落,你要是觉得寂寞,你就寂寞,你要是觉得自由,你就自由。第一次去欧洲,基本没有行程上的设计,觉得那里都难以割舍,这样可能这次的欧洲之行注定是走马观花只能对欧洲历史、文化作一些基本的了解啦。不过这也不要紧,按照家里的安排明年应该还是会去欧洲留学,学习企业的管理。虽然自己并不喜欢这个专业但还是应付一下吧,希望自己将来的另一半能有企业管理上的天赋,这样以后就不用我自己直接来管理公司,可以过一些自己喜欢的生活方式,就像扎大叔那样选择30多岁就退休到处旅行过些简单平常的穷日子,希望这样吧。。。算算来8264快半年了,期间得到了很多领导、老驴们的关心与指导,这也是我一路走下去的动力源泉,看到你们能开开心心的来这里评分跟帖,善善真诚的在圣母玛利亚的像前替你们祈福啦!!!罗马的中央火车站Roma Termini,过几天会从这坐火车去佛罗伦萨。火车站的周围就是中国商贸城,有很多福建人、浙江人在这里长住经商。到了罗马就按照LP旅行指南上的介绍直扑那家物美价廉的冰淇淋百年老店,从罗马中心火车站走过去大概20分钟左右的路。这家冰激凌店的制作完全遵循自然原则,所有选料均为时令水果、天然坚果、奶、蛋等,甚至除了原料本生含水外制作过程不再加一滴水。因此在入口后,绵延松软的口感、新鲜且层次鲜明的味觉体验,感动各年龄层的视觉及味觉,它更是意大利爱美女性的最爱,低脂、低糖、低热量,最低乳脂肪含量在10%左右,吃了也不会发胖的哇哈哈哈。。。还有那些美味的冰激凌糕点。。。吃完冰激凌后坐地铁去罗马斗兽场,到了那里感觉比想象中要破旧,进到里头,也没有在电影电视中看到壮观,就是大环套小环的圈圈里面象迷宫一样的一排排小巷似的隔间,真不知道当时残忍嗜血的罗马人是怎么观赏人与兽或人与人的血腥决斗的。出了斗兽场,爬上了山丘顶,可以俯瞰一下罗马废墟的全景。。。斗兽场的旁边这个建筑物看起来有点像巴黎的凯旋门斗兽场外面有很多这样的货,你花几个小钱就可以与他们合个影什么的,下次那个胆子大的姐妹与他们合影的时候顺手掐掐他们的肌肉看结不结实哈哈哈哈哈哈斗兽场的外围轮廓这俩姐妹踏着电动车围着斗兽场转来转去不知是什么的干活斗兽场外面的石头路上一辆精致的扫垃圾车斗兽场二楼的走廊有一个古物博物馆,在这些玻璃柜里面陈列着古罗马时期斗兽场里勇士们华丽的盔甲、武器。。。等等([]
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