隐婚甜妻嫁一送一
沈宝明 11020万字 42624人读过 连载
本人2012年4月底刚刚于菲律宾最后净土，巴拉望(Palawan)归来，特意为大家呈上全方位精品游记一篇~旅行日期：2012年4月14-22日，9日游目的地：菲律宾，巴拉望省，科隆VS爱妮 （北京出发）我想一定很多朋友关心费用问，这里先报上账目：1，全程菲律宾航空，抢到FIESTA特价票，北京-马尼拉-布桑家，公主港-马尼拉-北京。往返四段机票含税，2人，一共人民币5500。2，酒店，8晚，住的都是有WIFI，有空调，有热水的，一共人民币3500。3，吃饭，跳岛游包船费，各种门票，VAN费，渡轮费，一共9天花了人民币6000左右。4，潜水学费，体验潜水，2人人民币1000元。总账：2人，9日游，人民币16000左右花费。游记分为四个篇章：第一章：巴拉望双岛（科隆，爱妮），精品景点美图及详细攻略。第二章：科隆，爱妮，住宿及美食推荐。第三章：科隆，爱妮，专业水下摄影，及潜点介绍。第四章：科隆，爱妮，跳岛游路线安排，门店推荐，费用。第五章：菲律宾航空，证办理，通往科隆，爱妮的船只及巴士，综合攻略。猫的巴拉望之旅，即将启程~****第一章****科隆VS爱妮，双岛景点介绍**************************************************1. 科隆（Coron）- KayanganLagoon，门票200P每人。凯秧根湖国家公园，也是菲律宾的国湖，距离科隆镇，船程仅有30分钟左右，这是向日葵色板官方来到巴拉望的科隆镇后，跳岛游的第一个景点。当向日葵色板官方登上景区特定的观景平台后，放眼望去，泻湖景色极为壮丽，难以言喻。（泻湖：海岸沙坝或沙嘴后侧与海隔离的浅海水域，常与海有狭窄的通道相连。）凯秧根湖观景平台入口处，也是检票处，一定要交过200P才可以上去哦，不要逃票~观景平台的极佳观测点~而且整个观测平台，很久都只有向日葵色板官方两人，这么美的景色，如果放在中国，我怀疑要几千人排队观测了。。。一艘螃蟹船，驶出凯秧根本猫和国湖来张合影，哈哈一艘螃蟹船，驶出凯秧根 2，科隆（Coron）- Babe Beach，门票100P每人。从凯秧根下来，已经中午艳阳高照，船家说要找一个可爱的海滩进行向日葵色板官方的BBQ午餐，最终向日葵色板官方在众多小沙滩中，选择了Babe Beach. Babe Beach极小极小，我估算沙滩长度最多20米，但是很美。不过吃个午饭，也要付个门票钱才能上岛，有点小郁闷。向日葵色板官方的大船，从科隆颇有声望的SEA DIVE RESORT租来的，可以坐12人哦~ 但是只有向日葵色板官方2人坐着它进行私家线路游~ Kim大叔开船技术很棒，而且做饭很好吃。螃蟹船在海水奔走时候，总是不敢坐在船头拍照，拍一晃悠掉下海去喂鲨鱼，于是现在趁着大船停靠岸边，爬上船头拍一张合影，哈哈。3，科隆（Coron）- Twin Lagoon，门票100P每人。这个双子泻湖，非常特殊，它的美，只有在俯视图才能见到。由于需要从景区入口处潜水，再爬过一个石壁，才能进入景点内部，所以，无法带单反进入。里面景色只好卖个官司保密喽，哈哈~景区入口处，有渔民的孩子，非常热情地和向日葵色板官方打招呼，并且表示愿意表演高难度跳水给向日葵色板官方看，但是希望我们拍照记录，很可爱~4，科隆（Coron）- Smith Beach，门票100P每人。这里也是个小海滩，但是比Babe Beach美很多，同样都是花费100P，显然来这个更值。还有，这里是极佳的欣赏日落的小岛哦。 在这里，最令我兴奋的，是我捡到2枚超级个性的大海星，抱着它们爱不释手~身后那艘超小螃蟹船，很可爱，哈哈~给大海星们，来一个特写~这个小海滩，仔细看，能发掘出很多景中景，这片波光粼粼的浅滩，就是其一。最后再来个坐在小海滩的合影吧~5，科隆（Coron），Malcapuya Island, 门票200P每人，环境保护费50P每人。玛卡布亚岛，距离科隆镇2小时船程（单程），螃蟹船停靠岸边后，向日葵色板官方没有任何感觉，反而觉得这片大山，2个人也要交500P很不解，后来船东解释说，停靠的是岛的背面，不是向日葵色板官方要看的景色所在，向日葵色板官方需要翻过一道小山丘，才会看见真正的美丽海滩。于是，翻过那个小山丘后，我简直惊呆了，这里的景色让我颠覆了自己以前对海的认知，美得一塌糊涂~ 先来张和Malcapuya岛的岛合影~ 在这里，整片海滩有时候，只属于你一个人，可以放肆的海滨天堂岛上迷人景色~远处登高眺望~蓝天，白云，大海，结合在一起的美好图画~椰子树倒影落在沙滩上~虽然烈日快把我烤化了，还是不能放弃和这么美的大海合影的念头~玩儿水，哈哈~还是泡水里凉快我和兔兔，在这片美丽的沙滩上留下了向日葵色板官方的脚印，EO是向日葵色板官方英文名字的缩写~此行带的唯一的一件BIKINI，赶上这么美的一片海滩，难得~这个大树是怎么变成这样的呢？很像一只大蜥蜴的骨架岛主很好心的给我简单介绍了这个岛，他在这里居住超过14年了，并且给我摘了一个他种植的腰果做礼物，哈哈，第一次知道，腰果长这个样子。([]
最新章节： 第521章 赛尔号 （ 2025-02-13 12:40:32）
更新时间： 2025-02-13 12:53:37
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官路跟着女领导上位
陈俊豪Northern Wilderness, Solo Traverse of the Great Chang TangMr YANG Liusong, a Chinese who just finished the first solo traverse over Chang Tang by cycling from west to east in recorded human history, shared his stunning Expedition with all of us through the forum 8264 https//bbs.8264.com/thread-512349-1-1.html . In order to share his legendary journey with those who cannot read Chinese, I translate his story to English here, which has been approved by Mr YANG Liusong. Hope you guys enjoy it.为了让杨同学的传奇能让全世界的驴友分享，俺决定把杨同学的帖子翻译成英文。为了避免麻烦，俺先来个免责声明：1。杨同学不认识俺，也没有授权俺，如果他说不要翻译了那俺就随时终止；2。俺没有商业目的，译版版权归杨同学，俺啥也不要，也不承担法律责任；3。没有杨同学授权，不敢擅自发在国外网站，发在原帖处，荣誉归8264；4。俺英语水平有限，欢迎指正，欢迎转贴。 Northern Wilderness, Solo Traverse of the Great Chang TangBy Yang LiusongIt has been three months since I traversed the unpopulated region in the Great Chang Tang. There are many like-minded asking me about it. I now present this thread to briefly tell everybody about my journey.The starting point of this traverse was from the highest peak of the western part of the Tibetan plateau, Jieshan Daban, and the day was April 20, 2010.I was heading eastward passing Bungdag Co, Yanghu Co, Rola Co, and Kangzhagri Mountain, which crossed over the desolate region from west to east. The journey continued northward to enter the unpopulated area of Altun Mountains, through Hoh Xil Mountains, Kunlun Mountains, Whale lake, ..., finally met some people by the Aqqikkol Hu and then arrived in Huatugou by vehicle three days later and that day was July 5. It had been 77 days in total. I had been all alone 74 days after leaving Jieshan Daban until arriving inAqqikkol Hu, which was about 1400km and about four months.[The Great Chang Tang] In Tibetan, "Chang Tang" means northern empty wilderness while narrowly, means unpopulated region in northern part of Tibet. However, it actually indiCATes all of the no man's land in northern. The great Chang Tang includes desolate places in Northern Tibet, Hoh Xil, Alun Mountains, and Kunlun Mountains, which are interconnected to form the unique and super empty wilderness in the world. Only because Hoh Xil is the most known name, most people just think this vast land is equivalent to Hoh Xil. In reality, Hoh Xil is only a small piece of the Great Chang Tang both administratively and geologically. The Great Chang Tang, the last land to chase your freedom and dream.The route that I traversed ForeplayI arrived in Tibet in the early March, a couple of troubles bothered me. The brand new plug got its positive and negative wrongly connected; the rivets of my rucksack eASIly got broken from now and again; and a multi-functional charger got damaged and so on. Riding my bike to Ngari for warming up of this journey, lost my rucksack but later got it back; lost my camera bag and got it back later again, and finally lost a big bicycle pannier in the street of Gyangze town under the eyes of police, including clothes, solar panel and so on.Without much choice, I returned to Lhasa to adjust all the stuff I would need in the wilderness. Then I begged some luck by going to Nyingchi to enjoy the blossoms of peach trees and to take a hot spring bath. I even had the privilege to enjoy time with ten girls in the hot spring. I felt my bad luck had all gone and then returned to Lhasa again to prepare going to Ngari. I did not expect that I was cheated on by some hustler and lost some money and delayed my schedule for a week. I had to find a car myself quickly to Nagri. However, I lost the tool for fast-parting my rear wheel on my way to Nagri, where was a remote area in Tibet and nowhere to buy the tool. Even if there was one in Lhasa it would take at least ten days for a special delivery service. I was lucky that my mate Duola asked a driver to bring the tool for me from Lhasa. I thought there should be no more nightmare like this but the nozzle of my brand new multi-fuel stove was broken. The next day I tried everywhere to weld them back together. The first three shops could not do the welding for copper. The fourth one said they could do it but could not guarantee a sUCCess. The engineer said it would be ten Chinese yuans if it was a success. I agreed. Just in seconds, my nozzle became crap in a flash of lightening. I was so upset. Again, Duola helped me by bringing her own MSR oil stove and Dingding's sleeping bag to Nagri. That was already April 16 and I did not have much time to waste. The following day I found a vehicle heading to Jieshan Daban.The sand storm over Yarlung Zangbo RiverA lonely peach tree blossoming in Yarlung Zangbo Grand CanyonNatural hot spring in wild, me singing and drinking (photo by a friend of mine) Day 1(April 20), 16km, Camping 5192mIt was a truck with a full load of iron wastes, arriving in Jieshan Daban at 6'o clock in the morning. It was still night and extremely cold and dark. Driver was not bothered to pop his head out of the driving cab. I climbed up on the top of the iron wastes, taking my bicycle down. In a hurry, I punched my old water bag. Fortunately I had another MSR water bag given by a friend of mine otherwise I would definitely fail without even starting my journey. For the first time for me to set up the brand new tent in strong, cold winds. It would be impossible to do so if the tent was not a whole piece. Extremely cold outside, about -15C, might be lower than that, I put my head into the sleeping bag but was nearly suffocated to death, honestly. The smell of Dingding's sleeping bag was, lol, so extraordinary. I woke up around 11 o'clock. There were still strong winds outside so that I had to use my bodyweight to keep the tent in place. At the time when I just started to cook and eat, four patrolling soldiers approached me. To their surprise someone, in this season, camped in Jieshan Daban. I was so nervous and afraid they were the people to block my journey because I was caught and deported from the desolate land last year. Luckily the four soldiers did not know my destination and were very kind to me. After they left, I immediately packed my stuff and pushed my bike into the depths of the unpopulated area just in case anything unexpected happened.The bike was very heavy due to the provisions and hard to control. There was even a quite small hill that I had to remove my bike panniers to get over it. This really struck me because this happened even the path was still the hardship one at the moment and I could not imagine what I would do once I entered the uncertain, endless wilderness. Until now I had not met anyone, even the nomadic pastoralists. I remembered there were quite a few of them roaming at the edge of the northern Tibetan plateau last year. All of these indicated it was not the good pasture season in such low temperature and strong winds. Around 16km there was a sheep cote, where I passed it last year, east of Lungmu Co. I was exhausted at this point so that I decided to camp in here and to rest my head. After arranging tent everything I went out to look for the wetland discovered by Duola and Liumeng last year. I was determined to find it.There were many hot springs in the wetland which were underground water with a constant temperature. The wetland therefore became an ideal habitat for some fishes and weeds under such harsh weather, which was the very unique land feature of terrain in this over 5200m highland.Perpetual snow in the valley blown to corn shape by strong windsThis wetland was discovered by Duola and Liumeng. The workers at a nearby mine did not know it and I too missed it last yearUnderground water with a constant temperature, an ideal habitat for some fishes and weeds under such icy weather 感谢大伙儿支持和加分，不一一回复了。特别感谢多啦，希望能有机会一起喝酒吃肉。 Day 2 (April 21), 0km, Camping5192mBlustering gale all night, up and down like ocean waves. The next day rather than continuing to travel, I stayed inside the sheep cote, hesitating and pondering over. Indeed, there were so many problems before this journey;I did not have sufficient physical preparation;the load had already reached its limitation; I still coughed a lot;the weather was so extreme and cold. All in all, I did not think this journey was well prepared and I did not have confidence in completing this journey mentally and physically. To do, or not to do, it was the question. Similarly I did not have confidence in my facilities, not knowing whether all of them would work functionally or not. The fact was one of the rivets got broken again and the front rack came loose. In the afternoon, I replaced all the rivets of the panniers with screws I had prepared before. This was an excellent job I had done which gave me no further troubles throughout my whole journey. I also re-adjusted the front rack. However I did not think it would definitely all right because I did not have a tool to do it. When the darkness descended,I made up my mind to continue my journey, which, of course, was not beyond any imagination. Orchid-like weedsSmall springs everywhere, clear and chillyA thin layer of ice covering the fresh spring water The sheep cote, it was the door under the sleeping bag, which was in the same place as last year, everything looked like yesterdayThe wetland at duskLungmu Co at dusk. You could hear the gigantic sound of wind if the picture had a sound Day 3 (April 22), 52.4km, Camping 5145mGot up in the morning, could not put everything into the bags. Without much choice I had to throw away three portions of tsampa, elbow pads, and crampons. Following the road of the lead-zinicmine I found the side path to enter the wilderness, which was on the riverbed and very hard to see. I missed this side path last year so that I had to take a short cut into the wilderness directly then. That was why I had taken extra care to find the side path. The following journey was to get over a big hill, which lay 5275m above sea level and was the highest point of my whole journey. Around 2 o'clock in the afternoon, I passed the side path leading to Orba Co and started a journey which was complete strange to me. I ate a piece of pilot breads, which was frozen like rocks so that I had to use my spade to crush it. At 6 o'clock in the evening, I had pushed plus rode my bicycle for about 32 km. I reckoned I should have been able to double this if I did no carry such heavy load. The wind became stronger and stronger. I opened the parasail kits and tested it. The result was far beyond what I expected. With the aid of the strong wind I was just like flying over the wilderness. After 8 o'clock in the evening, I started to observe the water Source and to get ready to camp. Map showed there were successive springs along the path and assembled to puddles. But I had overestimated the water source here in this land and in this season there were endless wilderness inside the valley, where I could not see a single drop of water. As it became darker and darker, I felt a little bit nervous which resulted in three spokes of the parasail broken and became a useless rubbish. Anyway, it helped me to move forward 20km more which benefited me a lot later on. When time approached 9.30 pm, it was almost completely dark. I had to lie my bike on the ground and went on to try to find water on the north side of the valley. This was a wide and flat sandy land, where I could not see any ditches there and further was complete darkness. I returned to get my GPS to look up the contours and found the south part of the valley was closer to a hill so I took the way. Finally I found a piece of ice in a ditch. I smashed about 20litre of ice. The ice was quite shallow scattered with sheep poo. On my way back, my eyes were hurt by strong winds, which got me a couple of days to recover. It was nearly 23 o'clock after I set up the tent. It also took about 40 mins to melt the ice. I was so tired and my appetite was completely spoiled. I then had a little bit of milk. I had never expected thing would go like this, it was so distressing. Streams along the path, ice everywhereThe river flew into Matou Hu, in whose north part there was a satellite lake, a wonderful ice-skating court It took 40mins to melt the ice in midnight Day 4 (April 23), 31km, Camping 5028mA cloudy day with gusts. From now and again, hails chased me from behind. Sunny spell. Heavy sandy land made me have to push my bike. At 3pm, I arrived at Luxing Hu, where there was a house made of clay. This was the last permanent building of my journey. Last year, Duola and Liumeng once lived in this house for three days without meeting anybody. It seemed it was the same but the truck parking in front of the house made me worry about. I went to the sheep cote first to check over, where there were only a few lambs following me everywhere I went later on. This made me feel warm in my heart. I observed farther places using my binoculars but could not see any people or sheeps. After making sure there were no people around I opened the locked door using a screwdriver. The living room was very clean. There were two boxes of beverages on the ground and a string of cured lamb legs hanging over in the interior room. A pot of water was on the top of the stove, lukewarm, which indicated the host must be not far away from his home. I filled up my water bag and left the house. I also put the screws back to the door in order not to leave any trace of my visiting. I then took a spanner from the toolbox of the truck, which gave me great help for the rest of the journey.I left the house as quickly as possible. After last year's experience, the nomadic pastoralists were the last people I wanted to meet. A few hundred meters away from the house, the vehicle traces were fading fast. Even downhill, I had to push rather than to ride because of the heavy loose sand. From the route point of view, only after Luxing Hu it was the real unpopulated land. After many days, I thought of the lamb legs from time to time. It was pity that I then had plenty of provisions and the bike was too heavy to carry anything more. Continue to melt the ice under the morning sunshine, all of the sheep poo had been removed carefullyCamping site, the little hill over there was the place where I got the ice last nightThe house by the Luxing Hu, empty, the last permanent building I saw throughout my journeyDay 5 (April 24), 19.8km, Camping 4951mSet off at 10.30 in the morning, the weather was similar to yesterday. Probably this road was the high plain or somewhere the wind passed so that it was so windy. The average wind speed was degree 6 but could reach degree 9 in the blick of an eye. The road was still full of sand and very heavy to walk on it. My eyes became worse under such harsh weather. About three o'clock in the afternoon, I saw something in my right, looked like antenna. I went closer to see what it was and found out it was an iron tower (the triangulation station). In 1970s, a joint team from Chinese three military regiments entered this area doing research. They have left a lot of triangulation stations and benchmarks, which I had the priviledge to see them today.At dusk, I approached to a spring by the Bungdag Co, which flew into the frozon lake. The sand and soil, brought by the strong wind, scattered on the surface of the ice all over the lake. There were so many cracks around the icey surface of the lake. I geussed it must be caused by the springs under the water rather than by melted ice. In the west of the Bungdag Co was the side path leading to Keriya Pass, where a SUV could reach directly. I had looked out any vehicle Tracks but failed. The cloudy sky started to snow. I set up the tent comfortably because I knew that I was safe having such a sweet spring beside me.Triangulation station erected by scientists from the joint research team on Chang Tang of three military regiments in 1971[size=+0]The gap between water and ice in Bungdag Co, I guessed there must be some springs under the lakeThe storm just above the ground, a chaotic darkness[size=+0]Icy Bungdag Co,one of the four biggest lakes in Northern Tibet, wild ducks flying over this vastness and lonenessSnowing at any time, should not happen so frequently like this in this seasonDay 6 (April 25), 4.3km, Camping 5002mWeathering landforms everywhere around this area. Spongy volcanic rocks could be found easily. I pushed my bike turning around a small hill, seeing a big river, the Yinshui He, flowing from Orba Co into Bungdag Co, which I had been to its upstream last year. It was also a passage for animal migration. The downstream of the river was extremely wide and broad. The thickess of the ice layer could reach one meter with the main stem in the middle course of the river, very deep. There were a few springs along the river, sweet and clear.I only went forward a little bit more than 4km but I had walked more than 20km for finding my way. It was not possible to cross the main stem, let alone the north bank of Bungdad Co. What I could only do was to try to find a shallow place to cross. But the southern area was a even larger piece of wetland and forced the road turn towards west. I spent a couple of hours but failed to find a good point to cross the river. In the afternoon, I decided to follow the edge of the wetland. When I reached the hill foot, the wetland finally disappeared. Around this area, there were clearly volcanic feature of terrain and I even found traces of pasturing and cairns made from volcanic rock.Here was the last pasturing trace I found throughout my journey, I guessed it was a summer pasture area. After this, there was no clear sign of human activities in this vast wilderness. I had been looking for my ways until it was dark. I made up my mind where to go TOMOrrow. The terrain here looked like Yardang landforms, as well as volcanic landforms The Yinshui He river from Orba CoSprings scattered all over the river bank, painted green by lovely algaeThe river was very deep. The mixture of green and amber colour showed the sand and mud carried by the melted iceThick layer of ice, sunken surface caused by strong gustsThe south course of the Yinshui He, countless small streams. To the right was the wetlandLooking for ways in the east, a trace of pasturing and the cairn made from spongy volcanic rocksMy camp, opposite to the hillDay 7 (April 26), 11km, Camping 5009mI moved forward to the direction I found yesterday, turning around the wetland and walking toward east. At 2pm, I was blocked by the zigzag Yinshui He again and I had no choice but to cross it. The river was about 700m wide, covered by ice which appeared very different. The hanging ice, the folding ice, the piling-up ice, the icy puddle, and the sleet were everywhere along the river bank. Having noticed all of these, I reckoned the river would be receding at dusk, which was why there were so many different shapes and forms of ice. I put my slipper on, going into the main stream of the river. I found there were at least three different courses of the river, the thickness of the surface ice varied and the river water reached above my knees. I sighed there would be no way back once I crossed this river. There are many ways in one's life too, you can only take it once and you will no long have the courage to repeat it.I pushed the bike crossing the river. Some of the ice was a bit soft, jamming the tyres so that I had to use my feet to break them first. Some of the ice was a bit thick but with half-melted underneath, sticking the the bike completely, some of the ice was half-water half-ice with a sandy riverbed, which was really hard to pass. I had to remove all of the panniers at the last stage of the crossing. I spent the whole four hours to cross the river, my legs got many bloody cuts. At 6pm, the surface ice was almost disappeared completely, the river level rapidly rising to a chaotic status. I thought if I hesitated a little bit at that time, I could not have the courage to cross this river under such circumstances. The river bank was unimaginably sandy and was quite steep. I had to unloaded the panniers again to reach the top of the bank. By the time of sunset, the weather became exceptionally good. The sunlight from the descending sun, the blue sky, the faint moon, .... I liked such a colorful and peaceful Chang Tang and very much enjoyed my camp and myself bathed in such beautiful colour.The ice like this was very thin and suspended, far away from the main stemHard surface with half-melted underneath, the soft sand at the botton was most scaryThe ice like this could easily jam the wheels, hard to get it outI had to unload the panniersChaotic water and terrible hails turned up in no timeThe Chang Tang at the moment liked it used to be,a mixture of cold and warm tones under the golden setting sun Day 8 (April 27), 14.6km, Camping 5112mLast night, I forgot to bring in the odometer, which was out of order due to the coldness in midnight. Since then I used GPS to check the mileage. The digital thermometer was no longer working. I had to use mercury thermometer to collect data. Night temperatures were basically between –15℃—–20℃ while the temperature inside my tent was about –10℃. The advantage of the integrated tent was that it limited the ventilation so to keep warm inside. However, it got clearly disadvantage of heavy condensation and dew. Every morning, there was plenty of frost inside the tent so that I had to put my hood on First Before fully getting dressed. The winds in Chang Tang finally became consistent with the pattern I had researched the other day no or very tiny wind in the morning, strong wind started after 2pm, and then at around 8pm its strength was reduced again. The accuracy of this prediction was about 80%.The road was very bad today. I walked whole afternoon in an ancient riverbed and it was so difficult that I had to use all of my strengths to move a small step forward and then to stop to breath, slower than a snail. After five hours' struggling, my eyes got wet when I saw the grassy river bank. Finally! The nightmare was over.Cold and clear morningHeavy morning condensation in the interior, a lot of frost to clearSuch dawning sunlight indicated a cloudy day ahead Day 9 (April 28), 18km, 5072mIn the morning I entered a range of sandy roads which were so terrible. The solar panel specially designed for GPS got short circuited. After checking it was found to be the diode got damaged. Luckily I got a replacement. Because the GPS was exclusively supplied by a solar panel so that it was no longer a problem for the power supplement of GPS. In a period of 70 days, I did replace the battery once, which saved me a lot of alkaline batteries. I did have another solar panel of 5.4 W which was used specifically for 7.5V Camera, DV and other digital facilities. Unlike water, I had never been short of power.At 7pm in the evening, I arrived at Pur Co. The surface of this lake was very odd the ice by the river bank rose and the river bank was broken, I reckoned that was due to the strong winds. The ice there was mingled with something yellow, could be the stain of alkali. There were many wild yaks on the other side of the lake. There could be two brown bears but I could not be for certain. On the east side of the lake, there was a peninsula leading to the centre of the lake. I camped just opposite to the peninsula. At night , I smashed the ice to get drinking water, which tasted alkali. For the first time I cooked the cereals, which was brought completely by accident. This was just because I found there was a little bit of extra space when I was in Nagri packing the stuff for this journey so that I bought two packs of cereals. It tasted disgusting, probably there was too much alkali in the water. I threw away half of it. Later I realised that probably I subconsciously felt that the provisions was so heavy. I would rather make it lighter at any cost.Dry all my stuff in the morning sun, a routine matterA faint dusk in Pur CoThe river bank pushed up by ice and opened like zipper by gustsThe pushed up surface of the iceThe place where I got my drinking water, a thin layer of ice behind the ablation corns The moment just before sun set, glittering Pur Co, nothing was the same差点儿没找到俺自己的帖子，原来变色了。多谢各位鼓励。 Day 10 (April 29), 16km, Camping 5141mIn the morning, I walked around the north bank of the Pur Co， where it were continuous ups and downs sprinkled with light yellow sprouts across the sparse grassland. The wild yaks clustered into small groups. All of a sudden, there was a group of five of them running towards me, blowing a huge cloud of dust with the power of thunderbolts,I believed that anyone who did not know the characters of the wild yaks must be frightened to death under such circumstances. The fact was the wild yaks in groups never injured people. Rushing to you just to show you its territory. When they approached people at certain distance, they would turn sharply and run away, and then stopped somewhere high to stare at you. You can not imagine that the wild yaks were very cautious animals compared with its almost one ton of weight. Their first reaction, when meeting people, was to raise their tails, the front hooves rubbing against the ground, the horns pointing forward, the eyes redden, and the long body hair shaking, all of which showed their determination to fight.This was the warning sign that you should retreat. However, you should realise that this was only a gesture that they were afraid of you and wanted to scare you away. The thing was that if you were not afraid of them and moved forward, they would run away in no time. There were only some mad yaks attacking people, which was really rare to happen. In Chang Tang, an experienced driver know that it is very dangerous to pass directly from two or three lonely wild yaks. They always tried to avoid confronting them directly. If this was not possible, they would lit a cigarette, smoking, to wait until the yaks walked away themselves. This was because the wild yaks really could attack vehicles, which was not completely rumors. I once asked them why I had not been attacked. They told me that because my bike was so small they would not be bothered to attack it. My own experience was that approaching a wild yak very slowly, do not look into its eyes, and ignored what it was doing. As long as it moved forward a little bit, just stop and give the yaks a little bit of time to think. Because if you forced the yak, it could be themost dangerous animal in the world and nothing could stop them killing. Even a gunshot could not kill it but only left a small hole in its skin. In the past, the nomads living near this land would use yaks' skin as chopping board which was very much endurable. At noon, I lost my balacLAVA, which was brand new and I had never used it once. I could not be bothered to go back tofind it. This resulted in that I had to have my fleece hat day and night in the rest of my journey, which did not provide fully protection from the sun in the plateau. But somehow I was all right, perhaps because my skin is similar to those of yaks, lol. At around half past one, I found a deserted Jeep, upside down. I felt it could be there for years and it could be the vehicle of someillegal HUNTERs. Nowadays, we have wildlife conservation reserves in Chang Tang and the animals here are well protected. However, some people kills the wild yaks to sell them as the domestic yak's meat. In general, it is worth 10,000 Chinese yuans for a single wild yak. Therefore many people take the risk to make money. They often enter the unpopulated areas to hunt and their activities can reach 200 km in diameter. This is why the wild yaks in the deep wilderness are less afraid of people than thoseat the boundaries of the Chang Tang region.There once happened that a wild yak mother revenged its baby's murder in the Altun mountains. Its horns pierced the killer's chest and held his body over its head for more than ten days, which was very touching.Around 3pm, I walked out of the Pur basin. The next point was Hong Shan Daban and then it was the Yueya Hu by the Toze Gangri. At this time I found a vehicle track from south to north. I checked over but could not find the way where they had gone. I took my map, GPS, and compass, climbing up a small hill to estimate the location of Hong Shan Daban. The mountain was very round and it was hard to find the mountain pass. After determining the location of the Daban, I moved straightforward. When I passed a messy grassland, I saw something that I was reluctant to see more than hundreds of wild yaks' head scattered all over, which was definitely the scene of the illegal hunting. After that it was a very long ancient river bed with soft sand slowly rising until the foot of the mountain.There are some spines on the surface of the tongues of wild yaks, which are used by nomads in this area as combs. They use them from their teens to the time when their hair becomes silver.The deserted Jeep, could be left by illegal hunters years agoThe slaughtered wild yaks with the wheel size heads. Some of the skulls were chopped into half. Why was that? Could be taken away for making combs?My camp at the foot of the Daban underthe lingering golden rays of the setting sun. Tomorrow's weather must be wonderful, I reckoned Day 11(April 30)， 20.4km, Camping 5120mThe surface of the road leading to Hong Shan Daban was very hard, most of them were small rocks, sort of gravels, plus a quite long downhill slope, I pushed my bike more than 20km for the first time after Luxing Hu. The mountain pass was quite flat, just like a broad ridge, it was 5256m above the sea level. Upon arriving at the pass, Toze Gangri of 6356m was in my sight clearly, very much round and there was no back bone like normal snow covered mountains. Most of the snow mountains in Chang Tang looked like this probably it was due to the geological movements. There were quite a few chirus or Tibetan antelopes in the valley but I was not interested in this kind of animals anymore after I witnessed a large scale of migration of such animals last year elsewhere.The herbivorous animals here are very quick to reach its original size of the population, such as wild yaks, chirus, Tibetan gazelle, pika, and marmot. When you go into the depths of the Chang Tang, you could hardly be surpised by the sudden appearance of the chirus because they are so common in here. At this time of year, the chirus have already male-female parted. You could see many pregnant female chirus but hardly see any males. According to recent research, Zonag Co is not the only lake for breeding. There are at least four of them in the whole Chang Tang. Zonag Co, Tuzi Hu, Heishi Beihu, and another lake I can not remember. I think there must be more than four of them and most of the populations do not migrant long way like most people used to think. They generally migrant from south to north between Central Mountains and Kunlun Mountains.The chirus looks very timid but are very curious about outside world. They are not really afraid of people, particularly in the depth of the Chang Tang. The nearest distance we can approach is about 30m. They just stare at you calmly and think who you are and why you move so slow. They would run in front of you. Look like they are afraid of you but the fact is they are playing with you. A man's own character shapes his fortune. This is of course suit for animals too. The chirus are the typical one. They have a super speed and a pair of sharp antlers. If they are crazy, three of them work together could easily kill a wolf. But as you might have known, their antlers are just for fighting to mate with females.Down the Daban there was a very steep and straight road, I tried to ride the bicycle but ended up with falling over. The front rack came loose and one of the pannier flew into valley. The foot of the mountain was the Yueya Hu covered by ice, which was alake full of heavy metal elements. Along the lake bank there were many stark rocks very much weathered, lining up just like castles or houses. This made me stop to investigate what they were from time to time, I did understand they were just rocks though but they were so real like the figures of real people. On of them even made me hide in a ditch, observing them again and again using my binoculars. There were also many black volcanic rocks. All in all, the features of this area were really unusual.Passed over the Yueya Hu, it was an endless ancient lake bed. What my GPS showed was this area was a big lake like tentacles. I looked around, it was endless wilderness without a piece of ice and a drop of water. Roughly, I estimated this lake bed was about 1200 square meters. I had to tell you that Chang Tang was a place where there was no high-resolution map. The marks in the map often were some kind of memory. Just like this ancient lake bed under my feet, may be it was full of water a few years ago. Who knows. Pushing the bike in such an endless lake bed was very easy to get lost. My mind was in a chaotic status too.The migration of the animals, photo taken last year The road rising up to the Daban, full of gravels, very hard, ideal for pushing your bikeThe Yueya Hu gazed at by the round and smooth Toze Gangri. At a glimpse, could you tell which was mountain, which was cloud?Ancient lake bed. The white stains were the alkali, look like ice. About wildlife (part 1)Declaration Personal experience for reference onlyDangerous wild animals and their threats to human beings are a ever-LASTING subject for those backpackers travelling in the wild.In Chang Tang, for example, there are two kinds of deadly animals, one is wolves and the other is brawn bears. As substitutes, wild yaks and crows might be dangerous to you in some circumstances that I will come back to this a little bit later on. As for how to protect yourself against these dangerous animals, I think the primary point is you do not try to hurt them because the emotions of human and animals are same instinctively. [Wolves]Throughout my journey, I met wolves a total of seven times, in which I confronted them five times. As you might have known that wolves have become more and more solitary animals, it is very rare they live in a large group nowadays. Please allow me off the point a little bit and talk about the ecological problems in Chang Tang. The problem is now not the decrease of the number of the chirus but the imbalance of the whole food chain, more specifically, the number of the animals on the higher trophic levels of the food chain has not yet reached its ideal level which results in this kind of imbalance. Particularly, the pikas and the marmots who have lost their predators rapidly expanse which results in the desertification of Chang Tang. As early as the middle of last century, wolves were the dominant predators in the vast wilderness. They became a threat not only to other preys but also nomads pasturing in this land. Therefore, the then government called on people to cull back the population of the wolves in Chang Tang, which resulted in the current situation directly. The last official record about wolves attacking humans was around 1970s, which happened in Bamaoqiongzong. A team of secientists was surrounded by a group of wolves and they had to shoot them using guns. Of course, at present in Chang Tang, wolves are absolutely lonely.In this traverse, the first time I encountered a pair of wolves, one of them staying in front of me pretending to attack me while the other staying behind me. This is the standard attacking strategy of wolves. First, you should not be nervous which can be easily detected by the predators. Second, you should not retreat even an inch because this means you are the prey rather than the predator. Do not make any large movement, of course you could take a picture if you feel safe to do so. You must look into its eyes for a few minutes or even half an hour. When the wolves can not work out who you are and consider you are not posing any danger to them, then they will leave. You should remember that wolves in this land do not lack of food and it is much easy for them to catch a pika than a human. Even if being hungry, they would evalsuate how easy to get you done, What you need to do is to show them that you are not interested in them and you are not afraid of them at all, let alone to show your ID card to them. As for the wolves family, really, I have not heard for ages. If you really have an encounter with them and they have no other choice, then it definitely depends on your forture. In fact, for so many year, it has been very rare to happen that wolves kill human. But the rumours are still there, in particular, the road connecting Xinjiang and Tibet.The nearest encounter with a wolf throughout my journey, no conflict at all[Brown Bears]Brown bears are real dangerous animals to human. Every year there are some accidents happened in some regions of Xinjiang on the north side of Kunkun Mountains and steppes in Northern Tibet. More than that the bears could attack your house, smash your windows, and eat your sheep. Therefore, in Northern Tibet some local councils give subsidies to the pastorarists for compensating the losses due to the bears because they are not allow to fight back and kill the bears except their lives are in great danger. Once there was a nomad taught me a method to protect yourself from bears. He told me to pick up a stick to feed the bear and the bear thinks the stick is your hand which tastes disgusting. So the bear would leave. It was so funny but the reality is to find a stick in this vast wilderness is just like you win the lottery.Bears are omonivorous animal who are generally not interested in human flesh. You can find that in most of accidents, the bears did not eat any of the human flesh rather they just smashed them for kind of fun that we could not understand. For the reason why bears kill human, one explanation is the conflict between human and wildlife in this extreme ecological environment. The nomads invade the habitats of the bears, which results in these conflicts. On the other hand, it might be because bears have quite high IQ so that they think it is much easy to kill a sheep in the cote rather than to kill a pika in the wild.I have met bears five times in my traverse, in two cases we were very close to each other. I had even walked with one of them for quite a while, just like we had a date for a walk. The fact is it is not that terrible like you might imagine. The same rules for dealing with wolves apply to bears. Never provoke dangerous animals. A bear can run at a speed of 40km/h, do you think you can compete this in a highland 5,000m above sea level?However, there is a situation where it is really dangerous, that is the encounter. It is not easy to control your instinctive reaction to the external dangers. Last year once I turned around a hill, there was a bear just in front of me. The bear of course was frightened by me with its front legs holding up, waving in the air and roaring. At that time I sat on the ground, ignoring it. The bear then left in a few minutes. Chang Tang is a vast land so that this is not that easy to happen. But if it does happen, really only God can bless you.The nearest encounter with a bear throughout my journey. This bear disappeared in a herd of wild yaks, which I had tried hard to spot, really weird About wildlife (part 2)Declaration personal experience for reference only.[Wild Yaks]I have talked about quite a few, like in the post of Day10. I will no longer talk about it.This was the funniest encounter with a solitary wild yak, who did not warn me. If I sat down, it sat down too. If I moved forward, it stopped. Could not imagine what it was thinking about.[Crows]Crows are dangerous only when you fall unconscious in the wilderness. Of course they will be the first to taste your flesh in that case. Unlike their cousinsliving in urban areas, the crows in Chang Tang have a larger body like eagles. When they fly over your head, you could feel like it is a piece of cloud. They are scavengers but like fresh meat too. It once happened that a baby was killed by crows relentlessly, let alone the lambs got killed by them. Once a nomad asked me for fireworks to scare the crows away. (They are sacred birds not to be killed by human)It is easy to defend yourself against crows, that is to keep fighting, never fall in the wilderness.A short break attracted the crows. Of course, they were miscalculating this time, photo taken last year[Strategies Adopted]At the time when I met the four soldiers in Jieshan Daban, they said there were many dangerous animals in the Northern Tibet and asked me if I had brought a shotgun. I think if they knew that I would enter Chang Tang they would definitely check if I really have a shotgun. The so-called defence facilities I brought with me were the fireworks and pepper spray. I had never used them. The fireworks were ruined and thrown away when I crossed a river and I had never opened the pepper spray. I even had never thought about this when camping in the night. The reason was I did not feel the needs. During the day time whenever I met any animals I had never touched the knife I had brought. I did not have anything to defend myself when I walked out to investigate the route. The Chang Tang is really a vast area so as to be very easy to detect anything strange.By the way, you'd better to avoid mating season's animals because even tamed rabbits could be aggressive in mating season.The thing is even if you have a gun, it is not very much helpful when bears attack you. Therefore, your attitude is most important.I can tell you something. Dogs are more dangerous than these wild animals. I had been chased by Tibetan dogs, pounced on by dogs in mating season, also besieged by a group of dogs. I really feel it is more useful to know how to defend a dog.Declaration again The above experience is from Chang Tang only. Of course, the more you prepared, the better. Day 12 (May 1), 23.8km, Camping 5117mToday was May 1 -- the Labour Day, I had been walking in some lake area marked in the map but clearly dried up. The lake basin was flat and hard so that I even pushed my bike more than 20km. Let it be the special treat for my May Day. After midday it became cloudy with growing winds. Since the Yueya Hu that I passed yesterday, there were no big lakes until Yanghu Co (My route would be between Jianshui Hu and Bairab Co), there was even no light alkaline water to drink so I had to pay extra attention not to miss any possible drinking water supply to fill up my water bag. There were a few very small lakes but all were alkaline puddles which was very shallow, whose depth was no more than the length of a half-finger. These puddles were covered with a hard shell of the mixture of salt and ice which smelled stinking and decaying when getting closer, must be toxic water I supposed. On the shore of this type of small lakes it was muddy soil and very hard to get closer.There was no sign of tundra at all.It was almost half past six when I found some snow corns in a ditch, which was the only drinking water supply of the day. There was a thin layer of melted ice on the surface of the ground near the snow corn, which was very hard to collect and was contaminated by the alkali. The snow corn was the yet melted thick snow, which was shaped like a corn by wind. The snow was quite hard and dry,porous like ice. I crushed a few snow corns, putting them into the water bag.They would be my drinking water tonight. These snow corns were the only one in today's wilderness, I reckoned the reason why they were not melted like others was the soil underneath contained large amount of ice blocks which acted as a freezer.Very strong gale in the night, it was hard to bear the sound of the vibration of the tent. Small single tent was good in the sense that it would not be blown away as long as you stayed inside. But you had to be very careful to set up the tent. I once did not pay much attention when doing so, the tent was blown away by winds, and rolling over like a Giant lantern ... I ran after it, got it back, and was exhausted. In general, it is not possible to fix the tent completely using tent pegs because they were not very much effective like large tents. It was snowing around 23 o'clock, the winds were howling from north,then the falling snow flakes landed on my tent quietly, I finally felt at peace and fell asleep. The flat ancient lake basin, assisting me walking more than 20kmSmall lake en route, toxic waterSnow corns, the only drinking water supply today Day 13 (May 2), 0km, Camping 5117mWaking up in the morning and opening the tent, the heavy snow outside must be sent by the God to force me have a break for the May Day. After lying in for a while, getting up and walking on the snowy ground out I went to have a look around. As first sight there were a herd of chirus. They were plainly to be spotted because they looked like a clear black straight line in the while snow. I returned to get my camera and then followed them to take some pictures. But they were very much alert and kept a quite long distance from me. I felt they were a group of pregnant females, instinctively protecting themselves from any potential harm. I was no longer short of water, the snow gave me a precious supply of drinking water. The problem was that they were very petrol consuming. I tool 8.6 litre of petrol and the oil stove was Duola's MSR. The pot was of 1.5 litre, mainly for boiling water. After several days' experiments, I found that the liquid water needed 16mins and 14-15mins to boil in the morning and evening, respectively. For ice, it would take 35-40mins while for snow it took 45-50mins. Melting snow was a very time and petrol consuming process so if I had a choice between snow and light alkaline water, most of time I would go with the latter. Lying inside the tent, listening to musics,I smoked a cigarette while gazing at the more and more chirus around me. Because it was very cold I had been wearing my shoes all the time. Now I just put my bare feet under the warm sun for some fresh air. I found three cuts in my hands and one in my sole. The cuts were about 4cm in length, looked terrible but it was actually all right really. Half of my toes were injured by to much walking, quite painful. I fetched my medicine bag and found I only got four patches of plasters, a serious mistake. One of the cuts in my hand had never been cured until I was out of this desolate land so as to feel like this finger would drop from my hand at any time. The others quickly recovered in a few days then new cuts appeared elsewhere. This process occurred periodically. I felt that it was somewhat related to the cold, dry weather and the lack of vitamins. The snow rapidly disappeared, which is unique phenomenon in Chang Tang. Because of the low air humidity and the high radiation from the sun, the snow was evaporating very fast, much quicker than the melting speed. Owing to this, the ground was generally still dry after the snow disappeared. In most cases, it would be only 2/5 left in the afternoon around 2 to 3 o'clock and small patches of ground could be seen. It would be completely all right for walking the next day. On the third day there could be some snow left in somewhere the sunlight hard to reach. So generally it could give you three days of water supply after a heavy snow like this. One of the pannier was broken, the most expensive one from deuter series, supposed to be waterproof. I will come back to it at some point later. Everything was covered by snow, no way out Lying in the middle of Chang Tang, listening to Tian Zhen's songs, and smoking Baisha cigarettes, what else can you ask for? The pregnant female chirus in migration, probably heading to Heishi Beihu to give birth([]
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林玮华洛阳，一座有着5000多年文明史、4000年的建城史和1500多年的建都史的古城，是华夏文明的发源地和中华民族的发祥地之一。而洛阳又因牡丹闻名于世，被世人誉为“千年帝都，牡丹花城”。在牡丹花盛开的日子里，我独行洛阳，去造访这座千年都城并欣赏我国著名的国花。4月10日晚，乘坐K419次列车，经过6个半小时的车程，与次日清晨558，我到达了洛阳。按照事先做好的功课，车到洛阳站后，出站后直接去公交站台乘坐801公交，上车直达龙门石窟。 龙门石窟位于洛阳市南郊龙门峡谷东西两崖的峭壁间。因为这里东、西两山对峙，伊水从中流过，看上去宛若门厥，所以又被称为“伊厥”，唐代以后，多称其为“龙门”。 这里地处交通要冲，山清水秀，气候宜人，是文人墨客的观游胜地。又因为龙门石窟所在的岩体石质优良，宜于雕刻，所以古人选择此处开凿石窟。 龙门石窟是中国石刻艺术宝库之一，国家AAAAA级景区。2000年被联合国科教文组织列为世界文化遗产。 两山之间的伊水让洛阳这座古城尽显了灵秀之气。 龙门石窟位是中国石刻艺术宝库之一，世界文化遗产、是中国四大石窟之一。龙门石窟与甘肃敦煌莫高窟、山西大同云冈石窟并称为“中国三大石刻艺术宝库”。 石窟始凿于北魏孝文帝时（公元471～477年），历经400余年才建成，迄今已有1500年的历史，龙门石窟南北长约1公里，现存石窟1300多个，窟龛2345个，记和碑刻3600余品，佛塔50余座，佛像97000余尊。 最大的佛像高达17.14米，最小的仅有2厘米。其中以宾阳中洞、奉先寺和古阳洞最具有代表性。 宾阳中洞是北魏时期（公元386～512年）的代表性作品。这个洞窟前后用了24年才建成，是开凿时间最长的一个洞窟。洞内有11尊大佛像。主像释迦牟尼像，面部清秀，神情自然，堪称北魏中期石雕艺术的杰作。主像座前刻有两只姿态雄健的石狮。左右侍立二弟子，二菩萨，菩萨像含笑凝眸，温柔敦厚。洞中还雕刻着众菩萨，弟子听法的浮雕像，栩栩如生。窟顶飞天仙子的刻画也十分传神。 宾阳中洞是北魏时期代表性的洞窟。“宾阳”意为迎接出生的太阳。宾阳三洞开凿于北魏时期，是北魏的宣武帝为他父亲孝文帝做功德而建。它开工于公元500年，历时24年，用工达80万2366个，后因为发生宫廷政变以及主持人刘腾病故等原因，计划中的三所洞窟（宾阳中洞、南洞、北洞）仅完成了一所即宾阳中洞，南洞和北洞都是到初唐才完成了主要造像。宾阳中洞内为马蹄形平面，穹窿顶，中央雕刻重瓣大莲花构成的莲花宝盖，莲花周围是八个伎乐天和两个供养天人。它们衣带飘扬，迎风翱翔在莲花宝盖周围，姿态优美动人。洞内为三世佛材，即过去、现在、未来三世佛。主佛为释迦牟尼。他是佛教的创始人，原名叫乔达摩·悉达多，原是古印度净饭王的儿子。他和中国的孔子生活在同一时代，比孔子要年长12岁。他在29岁时出家修行，经过六年，悟道成佛，创立了佛教。由于北魏时期崇尚以瘦为美，所以主佛释迦牟尼面颊清瘦，脖颈细长，体态修长。衣纹密集，雕刻手法采用的是北魏的平直刀法。由于北魏孝文帝迁都洛阳后实行了一系列的汉化政策，所以洞中主佛的服饰一改云冈石窟佛像那种偏袒右肩式袈裟，而身着宽袍大袖袈裟。释迦牟尼所有侍立二弟子、二菩萨。二菩萨含睇若笑，文雅敦厚。左右壁还各有造像一铺，都是一佛、二菩萨，着褒衣博带袈裟，立于覆莲座上。洞中前壁南北两侧，自上而下有四层精美的浮雕。第一层是以《维摩诘经》故事为材的浮雕，叫做“维摩变”。第二层是两则佛本生故事。第三层为著名的帝后礼佛图。第四层为“十神王”浮雕像。特别是位于第三层的帝后礼佛图，它们反映了宫廷的佛事活动，刻划出了佛教徒虔诚、严肃、宁静的心境，造型准确，制作精美，代表了当时生活风俗画的高度发展水平，具有重要的艺术价值和历史价值。非常可惜的是，在上个世纪的三、四十年代被盗往国外了，现在分别陈列在美国纽约大都会博物馆和美国堪萨斯州纳尔逊艺术博物馆。 “剪刀手”卖萌佛祖在宾阳中洞石窟，有一尊历经千年风霜的佛像，手势神似“剪刀手”。剪刀手佛像是在向游人卖萌，在提醒大家保护文物，还是想说点什么？有网友评论：四百年前的艺术大师们好有远见，知道在四百年后剪刀手肯定会风靡全球。 《伊阙佛龛之碑》亦称"褚遂良碑"。篆额《伊阙佛龛之碑》。贞观十五年(公元641年)刻于河南省洛阳龙门石窟壁宾阳洞内。 这里因伊水东西两岸之香山和龙门山对峙如天然门阙，故古称“伊阙”，隋唐以后，习称龙门。《伊阙佛龛之碑》通高约5.00米、宽1.90米。由中书侍郎岑文本撰文，谏议大夫褚遂良书。字共三十二行，满行五十一字。计一千六百余字。碑文主要记述唐太宗第四子魏王李泰为其母文德皇后长孙氏死后做功德而开凿，太宗末年李泰与太子李承乾争夺太子位，李泰借为母亲开窟造像做功德，实有获得太宗好感，为自已捞取政治资本的目的。这通碑原应为北魏所雕的宾阳中洞的造窟碑，到了唐代李泰为节省费用，竟就势磨去原有碑文，又重新雕刻成唐碑的。 关于该碑的记载，始见于宋嘉祐六年(公元1061年)欧阳修之《集古录》及赵明诚之《金石录》。《伊阙佛龛之碑》是早期传世褚书的代表作。为目前国内所见褚遂良楷书之最大者，字体清秀端庄，宽博古质,是准的初唐楷书。此碑虽说是碑，实际上却是摩崖刻石。两者功用相同，都是为歌功颂的。但在创作时条件不同，一个是光平如镜，而另一个则是凹凸不平，书写的环境也不会那么优游自在。于是，摩崖书法的特征也就不言而喻。因无法近观与精雕细琢，于是便在气势上极力铺张，字形比碑志大得多，舒卷自如，开张跌宕。正是在这一点上，像汉代的《石门颂》、《郙阁颂》、《西峡颂》，它们气度之开张，韵致之飞扬，自然拙朴，即使是如《礼器碑》、《乙瑛碑》、《史晨碑》等真正的碑志精品也无法比拟，褚遂良的《伊阙佛龛碑》，正是这样一种典型的摩崖书风。传世墨拓以明代何良俊清森阁旧藏明初拓本为最佳，拓工精致、字口如新；比《金石萃编》所载犹多五十余字，曾经清代毕泷、沈志达、费念慈等递藏，现藏北京图书馆。有影印本行世。 魏窟――公元495年魏宗室丘慧成开始在龙门山开凿古阳洞，500--523年魏宣武帝、魏孝明帝连续开凿宾阳洞的北中南三个大石窟，石阳洞和宾阳洞的修建共费人工80万以上，还开凿了药方洞和东魏时开凿的莲花洞等石窟。北朝石窟都在龙门山，古阳洞自慧成至东魏末50多年的营造，表现出列多的中国艺术形式，大佛姿态也由云岗石窟的雄健可畏转变为龙门石窟的温和可亲。以宾阳中洞主佛为代表的佛像，人物面部含着微笑，龙门石窟比云岗石窟表现出更多的中国艺术佛像。龙门石窟还保留有大量的宗教、美术、书法、音乐、服饰、医药、建筑和中外交通等方面的实物史料。因此，它又是一座大型的石刻艺术博物馆。 只可惜龙门石窟遭受的破坏要比云冈石窟大得多，绝大多数佛像都不存在或者是残缺不全的了。 ([]
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苏碧绮柬埔寨游记那年春节是在柬埔寨过的， 突击浏览了两本书，还得带上，边走边看。柬埔寨游记出行路线：金边---洞里萨河（湖）---暹粒，04年的CNG，柬埔寨专辑--苦难与微笑，看了之后想去走走。百度资讯：柬埔寨，旧称高棉，位于中南半岛南部，东部和东南部同越南接壤，北部与老挝交界，西部和西北部与泰国毗邻，西南濒临暹罗湾。海岸线长约460公里。属热带季风气候，年均气温为24℃。柬埔寨首都金边。高棉族是主体民族，占总人口的80%。高棉语为通用语言，与英语、法语同为官方语言。佛教为国教，95%以上的居民信奉佛教。公元1世纪下半叶建国，历经扶南、真腊、吴哥等时期。9～14世纪吴哥王朝为鼎盛时期，国力强盛，文化发达，创造了举世闻名的吴哥文明。 A. 金边掠影金边（PhnumPenh）是柬埔寨的首都，金边座落在湄公河与洞里萨湖之间的三角洲地带。经过近半个世纪的战火侵袭，这里已经失去了往日风韵，显得残破而贫瘠。很多游客只是把金边作为一个中转地，稍作停留就匆匆赶往吴哥窟。但这个城市自有它的魅力，或许只有放慢节奏，耐心品味，才能真正体会得到。A. 金边掠影右边是湄公河，左边是洞里萨河，王宫和博物馆就在洞里萨河岸边。我把金边的重点放在：A. 扫街B. 王宫C. 国家博物馆A. 金边掠影金色河边，落日时分的洞里萨河畔。到金边的第一张片子。 柬埔寨游记A. 金边掠影洞里萨河畔的皇宫外广场A. 金边掠影洞里萨河畔的皇宫外广场.金黄色的袈裟，匆匆的背影。A. 金边掠影洞里萨河畔的皇宫外广场.节日时在正中位置会悬挂国王西哈莫尼画像。A. 金边掠影洞里萨河畔的皇宫外广场.休闲和劳作的人们。A. 金边掠影日落，凝望洞里萨河的金狮和孩子们。A. 金边掠影日落洞里萨河， 右边的金属悬臂衍架是放生用的。A. 金边掠影柬越友谊纪念碑，碑体侧面有国旗可证。A. 金边掠影柬越友谊纪念碑，地缘政治哈。背景是皇宫。A. 金边掠影精美的喷水池，背景是独立纪念碑。蛇神，柬文化的象征。A. 金边掠影独立纪念碑是为纪念1953年11月9日柬摆脱法国殖民统治，获得完全独立而建。1958年3月落成.每年独立节时，柬国王或国王代表都在此举行隆重的庆典。来访的外国元首也多到这里献花圈。A. 金边掠影独立纪念碑前买尼龙吊床的老人。一直后悔没有买一条，嗨！A. 金边掠影国家博物馆外景A. 金边掠影国家博物馆主体建筑外景11A. 金边掠影国家博物馆只能外拍，谢绝拍摄展品。在红色的主体建筑中将有一个很开阔的露天花园。A. 金边掠影国家博物馆即便外拍，也要收费3美元，这个我很晕。露天花园正中是池塘。A. 金边掠影国家博物馆先在馆外欣赏一下柬埔寨的建筑风格。A. 金边掠影国家博物馆管内严禁拍摄，只好用小DC盲拍，握在手里不出声，边走边拍。A. 金边掠影国家博物馆。盲拍成功率蛮低的，这幅还是可以的。注意到“那迦”了吗？那迦--七头蛇神，被视为柬埔寨国家起源的神圣象征和王国兴旺的保护神。还有那迦后面一对美丽的小天使.11A. 金边掠影国家博物馆宗教与艺术是博物馆里所有陈列品的主。宗教是灵魂，艺术是载体，还有就是高棉人神秘的气息......A. 金边掠影国家博物馆经典的那迦，神秘的手印。手印是密宗的象征，是用来回答一切不可言说的神秘事物和智慧之精髓。A. 金边掠影国家博物馆吴哥只是神原来住的房子，房子的主人被保护到国家博物馆里去了，当然还有外流至西方博物馆的。([]
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刘怡发https//www.xiami.com/widget/42553131_1770760772,_235_346_cccccc_dddddd_1/multiPlayer.swf虫子shino的公众号天涯曾相见，但已遥远。沿途风起云涌的炫丽，那些灿若烟火的精彩，都在微微一笑中，云淡风轻。感谢一路上接待,照顾我的朋友们，有刚认识的，也有多年未见的……谢谢你们，为我的旅途增添了五光十色的回忆...... 沙巴旅游公司网站https//www.borneowildlife.org/raft.html住宿：香港九龙海逸君卓酒店沙巴： nexus resort&spa karambunai lagoon park 谁走进你的生命，是由命运决定；谁停留在你生命中，却是由你自己决定。这半个月的经历回忆起来总是令人感慨万千……虽然已经过去了……那些失望的，开心的，难以忘怀的，令人感动的，本该忘记的，铭记于心的……散落成记忆的碎片，一小段一小段……快乐的时光总是匆匆而过，钟哥谢谢你一路陪我…… 世间的感情莫过于两种：一种是相濡以沫，却厌倦到终老；另一种是相忘于江湖，却怀念到哭泣。 离开一个地方，风景就不再属于你；错过一个人，那人便再与你无关。人生就是这样，牵挂着、烦恼着、自由着、限制着；走出一段路程，回头一望，却也生动着、美丽着；有着你爱的人和爱你的人，有着你喜欢的事和需要你做的事，有着牵挂你的人和你牵挂着的人； 人这一辈子是短暂的，所以要让自己健康着、开心着、幸福着，偶尔还要醉着。幸福，就是找一个温暖的人过一辈子。人生就应如此。 关于沙巴 【沙巴简介】（沙巴州，马来语：Sabah） 是马来西亚面积第二大的州，位于东马，在婆罗洲的北部，以前被称为北婆罗洲（英语：North Borneo），在1881年开始被英国统治，至到1963年9月16日和砂拉越一起脱离英国统治结合马来亚及新加坡组成马来西亚联邦。 【沙巴气候】（地处热带） 气温：常年温度在23～32℃之间，几乎没有变化，任何时候都可以进行各种水上活动。山脉地带则比较凉爽，比如京那巴鲁国家公园。 降水：每年10月至次年3月空气潮湿，降雨量大，为雨季；5～9月降雨量小，为旱季。相对而言，旱季更适合旅游。雨季降雨虽多，但雨下得骤，停得也快，极少有连阴雨，大雨后天气转凉，更觉舒适宜人，有“四季是夏，一雨成秋”之说。 季风：尽管沙巴位于飓风地带，却几乎不会受到台风的打扰，因而有“风下乡土”的美誉。无论是雨季湿润的东南风，还是旱季干燥的西南风，带来的都是凉爽和惬意。【沙巴资源】 沙巴是一个地形多山及河流交缠的崎岖地方，河流的水流过了溪谷，也穿过了肥沃平地. 交织的密林与森林中也有许多住着数以百万的东亚雨燕，蝙蝠及其他动物的洞穴。繁茂的绿树也是野生动物的护身之地，西必洛人猿保护中心是协助和重新安置那些在森林中的孤儿人猿，并且也给予它们重生的希望。自1964年起，超过100头的人猿被鉴定在这个中心内受保护并重返森林。保护中心内，幼小的人猿被提供基本的训练，以使它们能自力更生。游客也可以在这中心里看到这些可爱的人猿和它们的举止。在京那巴打岸河的一带也被列为野生动物保护区，这里也是在整个区域中心内其中一个野生动物之生命演变最富裕的地方。有10种灵长类的动物品种在这里被发现，这包括人猿，长鼻猴和婆罗洲的长臂猴。罕有的鸟类都可在这儿探觅到。沙巴也是赏鸟的天堂。神山在数以千年未收到破坏的奇迹下成为了植物和鸟类的生存之地。在数万年前，神山顶峰曾经是积雪的。在神山公园总部和所设的森林步道中可说是最特优的赏鸟地方了，如卷尾，啄木鸟，霸鹤，山椒鸟及鸫鸟等都能轻易看得到。丹南谷亦是一个极佳赏鸟地方，大眼斑雅，亚洲霸鹤，八色鸟，犀鸟及啄木鸟肯定让你打开眼界。在东部的京那巴打岸平地也都可以寻觅到犀鸟的踪迹。 【马来西亚境内通讯】（HOTLINK卡、DIGI卡、CELCOM卡） 1、出国前开通国际漫游向日葵视频色板APP官网，但需预交费。采用**139*86 138R26;R26;•̶6;•#方式拨打作为被叫是2.99CNY一分钟 2、漫游到大马后拨打国内电话22元人民币一分钟，采用**139*86 138•̶6;226;•R26;#方式拨打为6元人民币一分钟 3、有几种卡可以选择：HOTLINK卡、DIGI卡、CELCOM卡，8.5RM卡费+5RM话费=25RM 4、central point买DIGI电话卡，电话号码是014打头的只要8.5马币（其中包含5马币的通话费），016打头的要10马币，每份钟0.5元左右。卖卡的人会要游客的护照，然后当场开通 5、打回国内0086+21+固定电话0.18 RM/min ；0086+手机号码0.43RM/min ，查询话费余额及有效期*126# HOTLINK卡使用TIPS：1）HOTLINK卡是一种马来西亚MAXIS公司发行的预付费SIM卡，累似中国的神州行/大众卡，单向收费2）打回国固定电话0.2RM/分钟,手机0.5RM/分钟，查询话费余额及有效期：*122#3）拨号固定电话132+0086+571（杭州区号为0571）+固定电话号码；手机 132+0086+手机号码5）购买充值卡地点：绝大部分大马的便利店,可以让店员充值并设置语言为英语 6）HOTLINK卡是默认能够国际漫游的，所以在中国境内也有信号，回成都后居然漫游显示中国联通的信号7）买卡费用4RM，其中含4RM话费，充值RM20，频繁实用，5天后卡上还余5RM DIGI卡使用TIPS： 1）DIGI卡是一种马来西亚发行的预付费SIM卡，类似中国的神州行/大众卡，单向收费 2）打回国固定电话0.18RM/分钟，手机0.43RM/分钟，查询话费余额及有效期：*126# 3）拨号：固定电话：0086+21上海区号为021）+固定电话号码、 手机：0086+手机号码、短信：0086+手机号码 4）购买充值卡地点：绝大部分大马的便利店,可以让店员充值并设置语言为英语 5）DIGI卡是默认能够国际漫游的，所以在中国境内也有信号，可以查余额的。 6）买卡费用25RM【根据手机号码额定买卡费用】，含花费15RM（兰卡威回来后又充值10RM） CELCOM卡使用TIPS： CELCOM是一种马来西亚发行的预付费SIM卡，类似中国的神州行/大众卡，单向收费 打回国固定电话0.2RM/分钟，手机0.45RM/分钟，查询话费余额及有效期：*124# 拨号：固定电话131+0086+571（上海区号021）+固定电话号码，手机131+0086+手机号码 购买充值卡地点：绝大部分大马便利店，可以让店员充值并设置语言为英语 机场、酒店、餐厅、货币兑换常用英语 【机场常用英语口语：机场中英文示】 出站(出港、离开)departures 登机手续办理check-in 登机牌boarding pass (card) 机场候机楼airport terminal 出口exit; out; way out 行李领取处luggage claim; baggage claim 中转transfers 过境transit 货币兑换处 money exchange; currency exchange 报关物品goods to declare 不需报关nothing to declare 贵宾室V.I.P. room 海关customs 登机口gate; departure gate 航空公司汽车向日葵视频色板APP官网处airline coach service 免税店 duty-free shop 进站(进港、到达)arrivals 【机场常用英语口语：机票上的说明】 旅客姓名 name of passenger 前往城市 to 飞机票 endorsements/restrictions 承运人 carrier 机号 plane No. 旅行经停地点 good for passage between 航班号 flight no. 起飞时间 time 机票确认 ticket confirm 起点城市 from 机座号 seat No. 非吸烟席 non-smoking seat 座舱等级 class 订座情况 status 吸烟坐位 smoking seat 起飞日期 date 登机口 gate 【旅馆住宿常用英语口语】 我會晚一点到达，请保留所预订的房间 I'll arrive late, but please keep my reservation. 我想要一间安静一点的房间 I'd like a quiet room. 我想要楼上的房间 I'd like a room on the upper level. 我想要一间视野好(有阳台)的房间 I'd like a room with a nice view (a balcony). 随时都有热水供应吗? Is hot water available any time? 我可以看一看房间吗? May I see the room? 我要订这间房间 I'll take this room. 麻烦填写这张住宿登记表 Would you fill in this registration form? 这里可使用信用卡(旅行支票)吗? Do you accept credit crads(TRAVELER's checks)? 是否可代为保管贵重物品? Could you keep my valuables? 餐厅在那儿? Where is the dining room? 餐厅几点开始营业? What time does the dining room open? 早餐几点开始供应? What time can I have breakfast? 是否可给我一张有旅馆地址的名片? Can I have a card with the hotel's address? 是否可在此购买观光巴士券? Can I get a ticket for the sight-seeing bus here? 最近的地铁站在那里? Where is the nearest subway station? 【餐厅点餐常用英语】 请给我菜单 May I have a menu,please？ 是否有中文菜单？ Do you have a menu in chinese？ 我可以点餐了吗？ May I order,please？ 餐厅最特别的菜式是什麼？ What is the specialty of the house？ 餐厅有今日特餐吗？ Do you have today's special？ 我可以点与那份相同的餐吗？ Can I have the same dish as that？ 你的牛排要如何烹调？ How do you like your steak？ 全熟(五分熟/全生) Well done (medium/rare),please. 【货币兑换常用英语】 请告诉我你要换多少 Please tell me how much you want to change. 要哪种货币？ What kind of currency do you want? 你有什么要换的？ What's it you wish to change? 要什么面值的？ In what denominations? 请在兑换单上字，写出你的姓名和地址？ Would you kindly sign the exchange form, giving your name and address? 能否请你给我兑换一些钱？ Can you change me some money, please? 请给我5张20元和10张一元的 Five twenties and ten singles, please. 给我一些小票好吗？ Could you give me some small notes? 沙巴代理 【参考网站】 1、沙巴旅行官网：www.sabahtourism.com 2、www.agoda.com.cn(报价包含税金和政府税，但需提前支付房费，人民币结算) 3、www.booking.com（报价不含税金和政府税，不需提前支付，到前台直接支付马币） 4、https//www.imperialboutec.com（IMPERIAL BOUTEC 酒店官网） 5、https//www.summerlodge.com，SUMMER 家庭旅馆【中英文对照表】 地名：沙巴sahba、亚庇kota kinabalu、亚庀亚航廉价机场：Air ASIa Terminal 2 景点：水上清真寺City Mosque、Gaya周日市场Sunday market、美人鱼岛Mantanani Island、东姑阿都拉曼国家公园Tunku Abdul Rahman Park（沙庇岛Sapi、马奴干岛Manukan、马穆迪岛Mamutik、加雅娜岛Gayana、苏洛岛Sulug）、漂流Rafting（九鲁河激流Kiulu River、巴吧河激流Papar River、巴达斯河激流Padas River）、艾京生钟楼Atkinson Clock Tower、沙巴基金大厦SABAH FOUNDATION BUILDING、州立清真寺State Mosque（沙巴博物馆附近）、沙巴博物馆Sabah Museum 购物：亚庇城KK Plaza、默迪卡商城Wisma Merdeka、太平洋商业中心Central Point、华丽山广场Warisam Square 沙巴亚庇景点 【水上清真寺City Mosque】 1、KK的清真寺有两家，州清真寺KK State Mosque和比较出名的是位于郊区的水上清真寺City Mosque 2、州清真寺的路线：在City Park前的加油站坐16A大巴，RM0.7元/人到KK Mosque下车。回程在清真寺门口坐mini bus17C，到终点的士站附近下车，价格相同。州清真寺的外观和普通的清真寺没有区别，里面有一个空旷的大厅，入口处需要更衣，男的在衣服外套一件阿拉伯式样的长袍，女的还要增加一条头巾，小孩则不必改装。3、水上清真寺的路线：在中央市场Central Market门口坐KK→里卡斯Likas的长途车，中途在City Mosque下车，车程10分钟，车资RM1.5。路上经过Jesselton码头站，如果从码头出发徒步前往水上清真寺，估计在半小时脚程左右。回程在清真寺门口坐1路公交车，在市区下车,车资RM1元。（1路大巴和5路MINI BUS经过清真寺，就在不夜天的路边车站坐车）City Mosque在KK的东边，地图以外，沿着市区的滨海路一直前行，往里卡斯海湾Likas Bay的路上。如不选择公交车建议叫出租，回来的时候需要和司机说好回程，否则叫不到回去的出租车。清真寺的马来说法：穆斯劲（往返出租车30-40MR） 从Center Point一直向西走，穿过WaWaSan Plaza，就是巴士总站.在百盛当地人叫wawason对面找6B路小公交，1马币的车票，车程约15分钟。当地巴士是不会报站的，和香港小巴一样要下车时提前按座位上方的按钮，由于和当地人沟通比较困难，向日葵色板官方便在车开的时候就时刻注意窗外，当看到不远处出现清真寺的时候便起身下车。回程的时候清真寺门口就有巴士会停，当时没看到挂着6b的牌子，于是和司机确认是前往 down town后，这才放心上车了 4、市区说有公交可以到达，但是班次比较少，行程蛮紧的话，打车来回，25-30rm左右吧。记得一定要跟司机说来回，否则清真寺附近本就荒凉，车站很难找，人也少…… 【东姑阿都拉曼国家公园Tunku Abdul Rahman Park】 由5个小岛组成，分别是加雅岛 （Pulau Gaya）、曼奴干岛 （Pulau Manukan）、马穆迪岛 （Pulau Mamutik）、苏洛岛〔Pulau Sulug 〕 和沙比岛〔Pulau Sapi〕组成的海洋公园。一般双岛游都选Sapi和Manukan，或者Mamutik也有些人气。这些小岛在市区北面的公共码头Jesselton point买票坐快艇15分钟左右即可到达，9号码头比较出名，船费是单岛23rm双岛33rm，还有税费7.2rm，税10rm。据说可以讨厌还价~ 岛上BBQ据说很一般，LZ准备随便吃点混混就可以了。 岛上活动价格参考（代理：洪叔）拖降落伞：RM70－1个人，最少2个人，15分钟 拖飞鱼：RM70－1个人，最少2个人，5分钟拖香蕉船：RM20－1个人，最少4个人，20分钟 海上摩多：RM135-1辆摩多，最多2个人，30分钟海底漫步：RM180－1个人 码头选择前往东姑公园共有3个码头，Jesselton是公众码头，也是最经济的，另外两个码头是香格里拉和丝绸太平洋酒店自己的码头码头在城市的东北面，叫jetty码头，在KK市的最北端。KK不大，从市区任何一个位置出发，步行十多分钟就能到达码头。如果方向感不强的话，记得先往西走到海边的滨海路上，再往北走到尽头，就是公众码头Jesselton Point。（从ＧＡＹＡ街一路直走就到了，以很悠闲的速度，大概需要２０分钟），根据酒店距离的远近，打车过去7-10马币不等。从KK市区西北角的公众码头Jesselton Point出发，乘坐快艇到达每个岛都只要十几分钟。kk渡船每天早上7点至下午6点开船，人满开船（8人），基本上15分钟一趟，最好在早上11点之前到达。船票及各项费用交通费：单岛往返船票RM17/人，去Sapi岛和Manukan岛的往返船费为27RM/人+码头税（Tariff Fee）RM6/人，+上岛费（Conservation Fee）（当天各海岛通用）RM10人，一般都是下午4点左右返回，共计43RM/人（两岛）。Counter 9（推荐），在Count 9直接付租救生衣的费用，RM5/人/天，无须押金，回来后放在船上就可以了；再到第二个柜台买Government Tax, RM 6/人。上岛后还需支付上岛费RM 10/人，一天内各个岛屿有效。一般10点前去到码头，很快就可以够人出发，通常可以选择下午2、3、4点返回，最迟4点。注意：一定要和售票柜台、船夫分别确认回程的时间，一次是在买票时确认，售票人员会记录在票根上，另一次是在上岛时，由乘客与船夫口头确认。设备租借费用：面罩和吸管10马币/天，脚蹼5马币/天，救生衣5马币/天，码头可租借或找Jetty码头有一家华人开的旅游Agency，招待客人的是一个非常可爱的胖胖的华人小姑娘，在这里可以代买船票，也可以租到浮潜工具，押金50马币，回来就退。另外，用泳镜看鱼也可以，租用吸管不卫生，如用最好用酒精棉花消毒 【红树林长鼻猴+萤火虫】 委士顿weston（RM170/人），最好的长鼻猴及萤火虫观看地点，所以价格稍高点 克利雅斯Klias（RM150/人），特点是萤火虫比较多，弱点是看长鼻猴比较远及较少，坐船观看萤火虫行程卡娜玛garama（RM150/人），特点是长鼻猴比较近，弱点是萤火虫很少 【香格里拉日落】 是指香格里拉丹绒亚路，拥有世界十大最美日落之称。早点到日落吧找个位置，来杯饮料，吹着海风看日落，美好的人生啊~ 也可以在海滩玩玩，免费观赏日落~ 【海鲜大排档SEDCO SQUARE--包括了4家海鲜店，店为华兴（免向日葵视频色板APP官网费）、双天（免向日葵视频色板APP官网费）、珍珠、古村（不推荐）】 另外两个是双天和珍珠-报洪叔名字打9折双天：双天共有2间店 , 一间位于Sedco Complex(没冷气) Twinsky Seafood,9-12 Block AG/F Sedco Complex Kampung Air ,Api , 另一间位于Komplex Asia City内(有冷气), 因为像大排档的有很多海鲜酒家及其他小吃店包围的气氛很好, 还可以叫小店送他们店内的食物送过来海鲜店来 , 可以一次过吃完海鲜还可以吃好其他美食了, 双天的奶油老虎虾不及海王城的好味及价钱比海王城还要贵, 但其他的菜就比海王城便宜, 老字号，价格最贵，味道最好。奶油老虎虾，是他家招牌，1斤多1只，50 RM多，很不错。其他菜色均保持水准。建议不要点石斑，他家做得非常腥，比天天差远了。需再另加15%的税费，向日葵色板官方跟老板磨了一下，免掉了。珍珠（SriMutiara），Sri Mutiara Seafood Restaurant, Lot 9,10&11,Grd Fir, BIKA, Sedco Complex Kampung Air)，其级数与海鲜品种虽不及不夜天，但以cheap取胜！在双天旁，价格只有其三分之二，味道也只有其三分之二。推荐他家大毛蚶，别家没看到，白灼，很鲜美。大生蚝每只6RM，品质不稳定，有的肥美，有的只有一点点。需再另加15%的税费，向日葵色板官方跟老板磨了一下，免掉了。去了珍珠海鲜酒家晚饭,向日葵色板官方一行十个人叫了虎虾刺身四隻,非常弹牙及鲜甜,另点了奶油虎虾八隻,D奶油味道做得非常好拿来捞饭简直一流,白灼跳螺很鲜超正,狮蚶炒贵勺很野味,竹筒麻辣牛肉及牛筋很难食,竹筒鸡味道可以但鸡肉好(鞋),清蒸野生笋壳鱼必食推介,鱼肉很滑又少鱼骨,野生七星班刺身,肉身很爽很鲜,但可惜冰溶得太快,鱼头及鱼骨拿去煲酸菜豆腐汤很好饮,豉椒炒鹿肉还可以,蒜蓉蒸元贝好厚肉唔会老,豉椒炒黄鱔无骨淡淡肉正呀,马拉盏炒薯仔菜食落好爽囗,桔仔冰亦有两款,一款係普通的,另一款係把桔仔搅碎但很酸,都係原味好饮些,十三味菜埋单共8XX马币抵食呀. 推荐：白胡椒炒蟹、蒜蓉象拔蚌、清蒸东星斑、奶油老虎虾、甘香炒大肉蟹、薑葱炒象拔蛘仔、烧魔鬼鱼、龙虾粥、白胡椒蟹、蛤蜊炖蛋；冰桔茶、芒果汁、菠萝汁都很浓很好吃！兜售的小吃推荐椰子布丁！ 有个饭店，呼声非常高，叫天天 天天饭店（和City Park Lodge在同一条街JI.Pantai上，海傍酒店楼下）：大力推荐，很多当地人都在此吃，5%的消费税。1） 清蒸野生石斑（RM 26/条）：RM26是最小条的，结果发现也有1斤多，超新鲜，价廉物美。2） 蟹肉炒蛋（RM 8.5）：味道一般，基本上是冬菇炒蛋3） XO酱炒芥兰仔（RM8.5）：推荐，芥兰仔很嫩4） 树仔菜炒虾球（RM13.8）：树仔菜偏老，没有海王城的好吃5） 紫菜海鲜汤（RM7.5）：味道一般，而且本来已经配了例汤，例汤比较普通，但俺LG说比紫菜汤好喝。6） 海南白切鸡饭（RM4.75）：鸡肉很嫩，但是相比广东的鸡，还是差远了。7） 芝麻炸鸡饭（RM5）：虽然给了一只鸡腿，但还是不好吃8） 罗汉果（RM2）：清热下火9） 海参蟹肉羹大家一定要试试，才RM8.00 一个小份，够两个人吃 推开岁月的窗，回望逝去的流年，一份淡泊，一份从容，尘世的悲喜忧欢，转头成空，浅笑随缘。 穿梭在迷茫的街景中，忽而还会有熟悉却又陌生的感觉，繁华之内，居住着许多寂寞和疲惫的心灵，一张张面孔散落在这片钢筋水泥的丛林中...... 车窗外快速掠过郁葱广袤的大地，这是向日葵色板官方永生追逐并且最终的归宿。 人生没有最完美的旅程，所以每个人的心中，都有一份想要去远方旅行的情怀，在岁月的流风中走过日月星辰，流水淙淙，走过浮光掠影，穿过人潮汹涌、灯火阑珊，邂逅一处梦境。 一路走来，经历了春的妩媚，夏的妖娆，更迷恋秋的丰盈与收敛。 心如明镜，宁静致远，人生如梦，顺其自然，是非恩怨，付与笑谈。 红尘之滚滚，天地之茫茫，我不过是来自偶然的一粒尘埃，不知将飘向何方。 一句懂得，一份欣赏，便是生命中的阳光，照亮了遥远的前方...... 温暖在左，明媚在右，清浅时光，且歌且行，一路风景，花香遍地，清风盈盈. 不言悲与欢，不说薄与寒，任时光渐行渐远，红尘恩怨，一笑而过，是非烦扰，坦然自若，乱云飞渡，从容不迫。 闲赏花开花落，静待月圆月缺。 人生的这场旅行，走走停停，总是在错过中得到，又在得到中失去。 谁也无法全部拥有，那些错过的花期，那些错落的美丽，总会留在记忆里。 走过漫漫红尘，渐渐懂得，向日葵色板官方每个人都不过是一个匆匆的过客，不必执意去挽留住什么，只要曾经拥有过，经历过，就已足够...... 只是想找一个面朝大海春暖花开的地方，安静的，感受生活，写写文章，展望一下2014，([
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吴雅婷金秋十月，有幸与中国民俗摄影协会徐州分会一起去华北晋冀摄影采风行。国庆长假，对去哪里和怎么去一直是个很纠结的事情。十一长假，金秋季节，不出去吧，觉得错失好季节，出去吧，又担心车满人满，到哪里都是人挤人，人挨人，这对于不爱凑热闹的驴友影友们而言是个大忌。正巧摄影协会也在讨论此事，最后决定走一条冷门线路，来一次金秋晋冀摄影采风行，哇，好线路，二话不说，咱报名，于是乎，就“成就”了这趟旅行线路：徐州—清西陵—紫荆关长城—蔚州古城—上苏庄—空中草原—蔚县—暖泉古镇—大同—悬空寺—应县—恒山—平遥—徐州D19月30日 徐州—清西陵 9月30日晚上8：00，一行32人包了一辆大客出发了，一车的欢声笑语，一夜的辛苦旅途，于10月1日清晨到达此行的第一站——清西陵。D2 10.1清西陵—紫荆关—乌龙沟—蔚县 清西陵位于河北省易县城西15公里处永宁山下，离北京120多公里。周界约100公里，面积达800余平方公里。清西陵是清代自雍正时起四位皇帝的陵寝之地，陵内共有14座陵墓，包括雍正的泰陵、嘉庆的昌陵、道光的慕陵和光绪的崇陵。此外还有3座后陵，以及若干座公主、妃子园寝。向日葵色板官方第一个参观的是光绪的崇陵。崇陵是光绪皇帝的陵墓，也是我国最后一座帝王陵墓。光绪帝名载湉，爱新觉罗氏。其父是道光皇帝的第七子醇亲王，其母叶赫那拉氏，是慈禧太后的胞妹。同治帝病故后，由慈禧太后做主，指定继承皇位。崇陵始建于1909年，陵址名叫金龙峪。其规模虽不如雍正、嘉庆的陵墓那样庞大，没有大碑亭、石像生等建筑，但它除继承清代建陵规制，参照咸丰帝定陵、同治帝惠陵的风格外，又吸收了古代建筑技术的某些精华，仍具有它的特色。整个陵寝根据守卫和祭把的需要，建筑了五孔桥、巡房、牌楼门、神厨库、三路三孔桥、朝房、班房、隆恩门、燎炉、配殿、隆思殿、三座门、石五供、方城、明楼、宝顶和地宫。 皇家的陵寝就是不一样，入陵的牌楼门都是这么有气派。 步入牌楼门 看这汉白玉桥栏杆的“三路三孔桥”，真有天安门金水桥的范儿。 隆思殿内用的木料均为异常珍贵的铜藻、铁藻，质地坚硬无比，用这种木料制作一把普通太师椅，重量竟高达百余斤，所以隆思殿被誉为“铜梁铁柱”，且梁架之间增加了隔架料，既能托顶，又使殿内更加美观。隆思殿内的四根明柱，底部有海水江涯图案，柱身为一条金龙盘绕向上，较其它帝陵的宝相花更加富丽堂皇。 尽管非常之奢华，皇家，最终也随着流逝的时光成为了过去。。。。 后面的这座院落，便是光绪皇帝的陵寝。光绪登基时，正值清朝面临内忧外患，营造陵寝的工程不能如期破土动工，一直拖延到1908年，光绪皇帝驾崩，1909年才由宣统朝着手操办。修建期间，清朝已走向灭亡，宣统皇帝与隆裕皇太后退位，于是向中华民国政府提出要求：“德宗崇陵未完工程，如制妥修，其奉安典礼，仍如旧制，所有实用经费，均由中华民国支出。”当时，南京临时政府的议和代表及各省都督，对清室要求宽大应许。正门显然不是向日葵色板官方走的，向日葵色板官方自然是走边门进入。 光绪驾崩时，陵还未建，他的梓宫(棺椁)在故宫观德殿暂安。1909年3月，光绪的棺椁又由观德殿迁往西陵梁格庄行宫停放，一路起落，共耗银438400多两。虽然北京至西陵当时已通火车，但光绪棺椁仍用人抬。前面有卫兵开道，随后是皇帝和王公大臣，后面还有隆裕皇后、瑾贵妃等，最后是1400多辆轿车。棺椁拾至阜城门，仅十里远，就撤掉纸钱1000斤，用银260两。北京至西陵行程240华里，抬杠夫每天分为60班，每班128人，轮流抬着棺椁艰苦行进。沿途支搭三宿芦殿，耗银29000两，经过四天三夜，才把光绪的棺椁运到梁格庄行宫，安放于正殿之中。不知当时从北京至西陵行程240华里，杠夫每天分为60班，每班128人，经过四天三夜，轮流抬着棺椁是如何艰苦行进的，但从这陵寝正殿可以感受出当时的排场了。正在这高大的地宫正殿前拍摄，突然从上面跑下来一个孩子，我赶紧抓住机会咔嚓了一张，为这阴气沉重的陵寝增添了点“活气”。来此参观的人们大多是来凭吊下这段历史的，同时也通过这些看看皇家的奢靡生活。 大殿下面的地宫才是摆放灵柩的地方。 据说在光绪的棺椁正式安放崇陵地宫之际，清朝的遗老遗少还在这座帝王陵前，演出了一幕极尽愚忠的闹剧。光绪的老师梁鼎芬是比较典型的一位，他在崇陵的修建过程中，经常到工地瞻祝，为工程的修建筹款募捐。在为光绪送葬时，他由两个亲随搀扶着在陵前执绋(牵引灵枢的大绳)，从行宫一直走到下宫殿。当人们将棺椁、随葬品布置妥当退出地宫后，唯有梁鼎芬疯疯癫癫地坐在地宫内预备给光绪殉葬。后被其亲随背出，才算完事。还真有为清朝皇帝自愿殉葬的忠臣哦。尽管清廷的遗臣为修建崇陵费尽心思，光绪还是没有能够在他的地下寝宫里平安地长眠下去。1931年军阀混战时期，一伙不明身份的兵匪盗掘了崇陵地宫，多数随葬品被劫走。 地宫中合葬着光绪帝和他的隆裕皇后，这是他们的棺椁，其陪葬物品自然是一无所有了。 。。。。。。。。 清西陵北依峰峦叠翠的永宁山，景态雄伟。 这里有华北地区最大的古松林，数以万计的古松、古柏把这一带装点得清秀葱郁，古朴大方。 这陵墓前还有个壁照，也是用来辟邪的吗？ 为了增强排水性能，每个宫殿基部都建有2米宽的散水，明楼前和三座门前分别挖砌了御带河，地宫内凿有14个水眼与龙须沟相通。 妃子墓，妃子墓的琉璃瓦装饰就不是黄色的而是绿色的了。 这满院子里的树让这沉寂的陵墓区不显得那么阴森了。 这是珍妃的墓。清帝后妃有两位女子曾获“珍妃”这一封号，一位是道光帝珍妃赫舍里氏，另一位就是广为人知的光绪帝宠妃他他拉氏。珍妃（1876年－1900年），他他拉氏，满洲镶红旗人。清朝光绪皇帝妃子，也是最为受宠的妃子，后因获罪于慈禧而被投井杀害。而道光帝的珍妃赫舍里氏（1804－？）则卒年葬处不详。恪顺皇贵妃（1876年—1900年）他他拉氏，满洲镶红旗人，人们一般习惯按她曾获封的珍妃来称呼她。清朝光绪皇帝的侧妃，也是最为受宠的妃子，生于光绪二年二月初三为礼部左侍郎长叙之女。光绪十四年(1888年)10月初五慈禧太后选定其弟，副都统桂祥的女儿叶赫那拉氏为光绪帝之后，同时封珍妃与她的姐姐瑾妃为嫔，时瑾嫔15岁，珍嫔13岁。光绪二十年，两人同时晋封为妃。珍妃其祖父乃陕甘总督裕泰，其父长叙曾任户部右侍郎，其伯父长善乃广州将军，珍妃与其姊瑾妃自幼随长善在广州长大。珍妃10岁那年，长善卸任广州将军，她与姊姊随同北返北京。 1889年，珍妃两姊妹被入选宫中，13岁的她被封为珍嫔，15岁的姐姐封为瑾嫔，嫔为九等宫女序列中的第六等，直至光绪二十年甲午春(1894年)，因慈禧太后六旬万寿加恩得晋嫔为妃，前面还有皇后、皇贵妃、贵妃三个等级。光绪26年(1900年)8月初，八国联军集结兵力进攻北京，慈禧太后挟持光绪帝慌忙出逃。[行前，命太监将幽禁于北三所寿药房中的珍妃唤出，推入位于慈宁宫后贞顺门的井中淹死。当时，珍妃年仅25岁。 瑾妃的墓光绪十四年（1888年），在光绪帝的选后大典上，瑾妃和妹妹珍妃同时入选，成为光绪皇帝的妃子，并在隔年元月行大婚礼，之后个别以瑾嫔和珍嫔的身分入宫。在入宫之后，瑾嫔住在东六宫之一的永和宫，妹妹珍妃也同样的住在同为东六宫之一的景仁宫。瑾嫔在宫中并未如妹妹珍嫔一般，获得光绪帝之宠幸，相反的，她和皇后—叶赫那拉˙静芬一般受到冷落，但瑾嫔并不以为意。六年之后，两人被晋升为瑾妃和珍妃。光绪二十年（1894年），珍妃因故得罪慈禧太后，姊姊瑾妃也受到牵连而一同被降为贵人，但在隔年两人又恢复了原本的妃子位号，但珍妃却受到了监禁，而瑾妃却依然保有自由、继续住在永和宫。光绪二十六年（1900年）七月，八国联军攻入京师，慈禧太后携宫眷出逃紫禁城，瑾妃便是其中一员。在宣统皇帝溥仪登基之后，瑾妃继续住在永和宫，并被尊为兼祧皇考瑾贵妃。在宣统逊位后，上徽号为端康皇太妃，她和溥仪的关系似乎不坏，溥仪称他为皇阿娘，每遇年节还会请她一同欢庆。溥仪退位后的次年，隆裕太后崩逝，瑾妃在四大太妃的地位中有所提高，她在四大太妃中年龄最轻，思想也较开通。民国十一年，在逊清朝廷为溥仪议婚时，瑾妃支持以婉容为皇后。瑾妃在永和宫过著很有品味的生活，时常以丹青书法自娱。在永和宫的摆设中，有着数样的瓶盘盆景、上头都镶嵌著精致出色的钟表和花鸟人物，同时她也是一位美食家，经常派人到京城附近的天福号买酱肘子供她吃早餐，由于瑾妃喜爱美食，因此永和宫里的小膳房，烹饪相当地出色，逊清的王公旧臣都爱吃她赏的饭。1923年,瑾妃五十寿辰,特邀请梅兰芳等著名京剧演员入宫演戏. 民国十三年（1924年），在和溥仪及其余逊清皇室成员欢度中秋佳节后，瑾妃受了风寒一病不起，五天后因情况恶化而死在永和宫，享年五十一岁，并以端康皇贵妃的身分，下葬于光绪帝的崇陵妃园寝。谥为温靖皇贵妃。在崇陵，还有做骑马旅游生意的，只是这么点路程，并没什么人骑马，这里的马儿就悠哉悠哉了。参观完崇陵接着去看泰陵。雍正的泰陵，居于陵区的中心位置，是清西陵中建筑最早、规模最大的一座。其余各陵则分布在东西两侧。 泰陵的神道，由三层巨砖铺成，两边苍松翠柏，上南往北分布着40多项大大小小的建筑。 ([]
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